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Chemistry St Peters
Chemistry Development of the Periodic Table Questions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What was Newlands' law of octaves? | The way John Newlands attempted to order the elements - he ordered them in a way that every eight element had similar properties. |
| Why did other scientists not accept Newlands law of octaves? | Because the other seven elements in each group had different properties, in other words the pattern didn't work. |
| Who was the founder of the modern periodic table? | Mendeleev |
| What was Mendeleev's idea that improved his table? | Leaving gaps for elements which hadn't been discovered yet. |
| What evidence made Mendeleev's periodic table more widely accepted? | When the missing elements were discovered and their properties matched the ones which Mendeleev had predicted for them. |
| Why do elements in a group in the periodic table have similar properties? | Because they all have the same number of electrons in their highest occupied energy level. |
| Which is more reactive, lithium or caesium? | Caesium |
| Which is more reactive, chlorine or bromine? | Chlorine |
| Why do metals get more reactive going down a group? | When metals react they lose electrons. Since the size of the atoms increases going down the group the electron/s in the highest energy level are further from the nucleus of the atom and are therefore less strongly attracted and are lost more easily. |
| Why are the Group 1 elements called 'alkali metals'? | Because they produce an alkali/alkaline solution when they react with water. Because their hydroxides are alkalis. |
| Why is potassium more reactive than sodium? | Potassium has more occupied energy levels than sodium, so the electron in its highest occupied energy level is less strongly attracted to the nucleus and is lost more easily. |
| Why do the halogens have low melting and boiling points? | Because they have small molecules and there are only weak intermolecular forces acting between the molecules. |
| Why do halogens form both ionic and covalent compounds? | Their atoms need to gain one electron because they have 7 in their highest energy level/ outer orbit. They can gain this electron by sharing with another atom (covalent) or by forming a 1- ion (ionic). |
| Why is fluorine the most reactive halogen? | Fluorine has the fewest number of occupied energy levels in its group and so the outer orbit/ highest energy level is closer to the nucleus and other electrons are more strongly attracted. |
| Where are the transition metals in the periodic table? | Between Groups 2 and 3. |
| What feature of their electron structures gives transition metals their special properties? | They have unfilled lower energy levels. |
Created by:
sallyfizz
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