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MEDEX Section 5.2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Tendon reflex | Monitors external tension produced during a muscular contraction and prevents tearing or breaking of the tendon |
| Flexor reflex | A form of withdrawal reflex in which the muscles of a limb contract to move the limb away from a source of stimulation |
| Stretch reflex | A monosynaptic reflex that prevents excessive stretching of skeletal muscles |
| Crossed extensor reflex | A polysynaptic reflex in which the motor response occurs on the side opposite the stimulus |
| Posterior gray horns | Somatic and visceral sensory nuclei |
| Gray commissures | Relay information from one side of the spinal cord to the other before reaching its destination in the gray matter |
| CNS nucleus | A collection of neuron cell bodies with a common function and a discrete anatomical boundary |
| Anterior gray horns | Somatic motor nuclei |
| Tract | Bundles of axons in the CNS that are relatively uniform with respect to diameter, myelination and conduction speed |
| The spinal cord itself extends the length of the entire vertebral column. T/F | False |
| The dorsal root ganglion contains the __________ of __________ neurons. | Cell bodies, sensory |
| Is the dorsal root linked to the lateral grey horn? | NO! |
| There are __________ major plexuses of the spinal nerves. | Four |
| The branches of the ansa cervicalis innervate the __________. | Laryngeal Muscles |
| The median nerve of the brachial plexus innervates the __________. | Flexor muscles of the forearm. |
| Susan is doing hip extension movements during an exercise class. Which plexus and which nerve(s) is she using to contract the gluteus maximus muscle? | sacral plexus and inferior gluteal nerve |
| Is a fascicle—the bundle containing all the axons of a spinal nerve, but not the epineurium? | No!! |
| Is the sacral plexus sacral plexus—L5 through S4? | No!! |
| Is the brachial plexus—C5 through T1? | Yes! |
| Does the median nerve arrive from the cervicle plexus | No! |
| Which of the following nerves innervates the sphincter muscles controlling defecation and urination? | Pudendal Nerve |
| Which of the following terms describes the action of the neural circuit when collateral branches of axons extend back and further stimulate presynaptic neurons? | Reverberation |
| Accidentally touching a hot burner on a stove elicits __________ reflex. | A Flexor |
| The reflex that complements a withdrawal reflex, making compensatory adjustments on the side of the body opposite that which receives the stimulus, is the __________ reflex. | Crossed Extensor |
| Sherry runs a feather along the sole of her 10-year-old brother's foot. His toes immediately curl in response to the touch. What type of reflex has just occurred? | Plantar Reflex |
| Which part of the gray matter in the spinal cord contains somatic and visceral sensory nuclei? | posterior gray horns |
| The connective tissue that wraps bundles of axons into fascicles is the __________. | perineurium |
| Which type of reflex is genetically or developmentally acquired? | innate reflex |
| What type of reflex is initiated by increasing the length of a muscle and will cause that muscle to contract? | stretch reflex The stretch reflex is initiated by stretching (increasing the length) of a muscle and will cause that muscle to contract. |
| What reflex causes the movement of a body part away from a stimulus? | withdrawal reflex |
| Which of the following reflexes will cause a motor response on the side opposite the stimulus? | CROSSED EXTENSOR REFLEX |
| The best-known example of a monosynaptic reflex is the __________ reflex. | stretch |
| The __________ reflex, a representative withdrawal reflex, is used to move a limb away from a stimulus. | flexor |
| There are three complex, interwoven networks of compound nerve trunks called plexuses that branch into peripheral nerves; in descending order, these are the cervical plexus, the brachial plexus, and the __________ plexus. | lumbosacral |
| Which of the following is an example of a somatic reflex? | Stretch Reflex |
| Why are the most complicated responses produced by polysynaptic responses? | The interneurons can control several different muscle groups. |
| Pain receptors are the __________. | Dendrites of sensory neurons. |
| The lumbo-sacral plexus that supplies the pelvic girdle and the leg includes the spinal nerves __________. | T12-S4 |
| The white ramus is the branch of a spinal nerve that consists of __________. | myelinated preganglionic axons |
| In reference to the vertebral column, C2 refers to the cervical nerve that __________. | Precedes vertebrae C2 |
| The dura mater attaches itself at its base to the skeletal system through the __________. | coccygeal ligament |
| In the spinal cord, the cerebrospinal fluid is found within the __________. | central canal and subarachnoid space |
| The epidural space is an area that contains __________. | loose connective tissue, blood vessels, and adipose tissue |
| CSF can be found in the subarachnoid space. T/F | True |
| An epidural block is a dose of anesthetic given in the subdural space. T/F | False |
| Spinal nerves are classified as mixed nerves because they contain __________. | Both sensory and motor fibers |
| April stubs her left hallux as she is walking to the kitchen at night. Which nerve and which plexus are involved in the sensation of pain sent to her brain? | Fibular Nerve and Sacral Plexus |
| Which of the following reflexes occurs in the LEAST amount of time? | Knee Jerk Reflex |
| The goal of information processing during a neural reflex is the selection of __________. | an appropriate motor response and the activation of specific motor neurons |
| The trapezius muscle is innervated by nerves from which plexus? | Cervical |
| The posterior gray horns of the spinal cord contain __________. | somatic and visceral sensory nuclei |
| The white matter of the spinal cord contains __________. | large numbers of myelinated and unmyelinated axons |
| The meninx that is firmly bound to neural tissue and deep to the other meninges is the __________. | Pia Mater |
| To withdraw cerebrospinal fluid during a spinal tap, a needle is inserted into the __________. | subarachnoid space |
| The dorsal root of a spinal nerve is the site for ______________ neurons, whereas the ventral root is the site of ___________ neurons. | Sensory and motor |
| In the CNS, the tracts that link the brain with the rest of the body are composed of __________. | Sensory and Motor Pathways. |
Created by:
christopherdietrich