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Marine Science Ch 12
Ch 12 Review MCs
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which is a factor that determines the location of a coast? | global tectonic activity and volume of water in the ocean |
| What is not true of the backshore? | IS TRUE: relatively inactive, may include windblown dunes and grasses, inland portion of the beach, inland of the berm crest, extends to the farthest point where beach sand has been deposited |
| What creates a moraine? | retreating of glaciers which causes the deposition of sediments |
| What is usually the highest point on a beach? | berm crest |
| What type of esturary has little vertical mixing? | a fjord estuary |
| What is a factor that is instrumental in shaping an erosional coast? | stream erosion, abrasion, of wind-driven grit, the alternate freezing and thawing of water in rock cracks, the probing of plant roots, glacial activity, rainfall, dissolution by acids from soil, and slumping |
| Which is not a dominant delta type? | ARE: river-dominated, tide-dominated, and wave-dominated deltas |
| What is a coastal cell? | natural sector of a coastline in which sand input and outflow are balanced |
| Why do large, broad beaches have gradual slopes? | the ability of small, sharp-edged particles to interlock discourages water from percolating down into the beach itself, so water from waves runs quickly back down the beach, carrying surface particles toward the ocean |
| Why are erosional coasts prone to become smooth and straight shorelines? | coastal erosion |
| How have parts of Florida's coast been extended? | the activity of mangroves, whose root systems trap and hold sediments around the plant |
| Where are deltas common? | low-energy shores of enclosed seas and along the tectonically stable trailing edges of some continents |
| What marks the limit of rapid marine erosion? | wave-cut platform |
| Where is the seaward limit of a beach? | area where sediment movement onshore and offshore ceases |
| What is a tombolo? | above-water bridge of sand connecting an offshore feature to the mainland |
| What is the rate of shore erosion dependent upon? | hardness and resistance of the rock, the violence of the wave shock to which it is exposed, and the local range of tides |
| What is a major contributor to coastal erosion jeopardizing human property? | breakwater |
| What is the global, long term-change to sea level? | eustatic change |
| Barrier islands are: | narrow, exposed sand-bars that are parallel to but separated from land |
| What is a fjord? | a deep, narrow bay |
| A coastline is covered with sea caves. What kind of beach is this likely to be? | broad beach |
| Where does most of the sediment on the Pacific coast originate from? | erosion of relatively young granitic or volcanic rocks of nearby mountains |
| What is the name for a relatively new coast that has processes removing materials? | erosional coast |
| What function does a bay mouth bar provide? | protecting the bay from waves and turbulence and encourages the accumulation of sediments there |
| An erosional coast that has little tidal variation: | low-energy coast |
| What is responsible for increasing a beach's slope? | the swash |
| How much of the United States coastline is considered to be depositional? | 30% |
| What are the most common, large-scale features on a depositional coast? | sand spits |
| What is the eventual fate of erosional beaches? | they will evolve into depositional beaches |
| What type of reef is a ring-shaped island of coral? | an atoll |
Created by:
Koolia101