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equine NM dz

QuestionAnswer
botulism, 2 forms of dz 1.ingest pre-formed toxin (adults), 2.toxicoinfectious (foals ingest spores, upper GI ulcers)
clostridial type to blame... usually type B in US, rarely type C
pathogenesis of botulism exotoxin inhibits pre-synaptic release of AcH -> NM blockade -> flaccid paralysis
botulism signs, adults mydriasis, weakness -> paralysis, poor tongue tone, mild colic... parasympathetic too! ... die bc of recumbency
botulism signs, foals tin -> shaker foals -> recumbency, resp paralysis (slab chested), dysphagia, *milk out nostrils... die bc of resp failure/asp pneu
botulism, tx expensive!, plasma/antitoxin, broad spectr abs (foals/asp pneu)- NO AMINOGLYCOSIDES (potentiate NM blockade), quiet!, resp/fluid/food support, impaction relief in adults
botulism, prog poor once recumbent
best candidates for assisted ventilation in botulism cases foals
botulism, prevention vax, 3 dose to pregnant mares, annual boosters 4-6 wks prior to foaling... in susc areas
tetanus, two exotoxins: tetanospasmin & tetanolysin
tetanospasmin inhibits post-syn glycine release by inh interneurons in SC
tetanolysin tissue damaging, propogates anaerobic injury & infection spread
tetanus etiology/pathogenesis normal mech of contraction release is absent -> extensor rigidity (seen more obviously than other mms)
tetanus, causes penetrating soft tissue wounds on extremities, tail banding, other wounds... umbilical infections in foals
clinical signs, tetnaus saw horse stance, hyperesthesia, 3rd eyelid prolapse, severe anxiety, sweating, trismus, raised tailhead
tetanus, tx sedation, quiet stall, antitoxin (dose variable), toxoid, debride wound, abs, IV fluids
tetanus abs: high dose IV penicillin +/- local infiltration of wound... procaine cheaper, but requ IM (difficult)
controversy using antitoxin as a prophylactic treatment for tetanus thieller's disease
Created by: jessabelle
 



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