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Stack #902900
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The rhythmic smooth muscle contractions found in the upper gastrointestinal system are called___________. | peristalsis |
| The greatest amount of digestion occurs in which portion of the intestines? | duodenum |
| Detoxification of poisonous substances takes place in which organ? | liver |
| The telescoping of one part of the intestinal tract into another is termed_______. | intussusception |
| Twisting of the bowel upon itself is termed________. | volvulus |
| What is now considered to be the major imaging modality for the demonstration of gallstones? | ultra sound |
| What is the major cause of cirrhosis in the United States and Europe? | alcoholism |
| Rupture of the spleen as a result of blunt abdominal trauma can be best demonstrated by what imaging procedure? | ct |
| If a patient is too ill to stand, what projection can be used to demonstrate pneumoperitoneum? | left lateral decubitus, patient on left side |
| Extensive calcification in the wall of the gallbladder is termed_________. | porcelain gall bladder |
| Varicose veins of the rectum are termed________. | hemorrhoids |
| "Apple-core" and "napkin-ring" are common descriptive terms for annular carcinoma of the ______________. | colon |
| Crohn's disease occurs in what organ(s)? | colon, small bowel, stomach |
| The presence of large amounts of gas and fluid in uniformly dilated loops of small and large bowel, often seen after abdominal surgery, is termed_________. | adynamic ileus |
| What medical term is used to denote difficulty in swallowing? | dysphagia |
| Gastric contents that are mixed with hydrochloric acid and pepsin are called__________. | chyme |
| To demonstrate esophageal reflux, the patient is often asked to perform the ________. | valsalva manuver |
| An abnormal connection between the esophagus and trachea is termed a ____________. | fistula |
| An abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity is termed_______. | ascites |
| Herniations, or outpouchings, of the walls of hollow organ are termed________. | diverticula |
| A colonic intussusception can sometimes be reduced by what radiographic procedure? | barium enema |
| Patients older than 40 years with a history of difficulty swallowing are usually assumed, until proven otherwise, to have what pathologic condition? | esophageal hernia |
| What is the most common manifestation of peptic ulcer disease? | duodenal ulcer |
| If loops of bowel are distended by abnormally large amounts of air and are occupying the central portion of the abdomen, the patient most likely has a ___________. | small bowel obstruction |
| The muscle becomes hypertrophic preventing the normal emptying of the stomach in cases of ____________. | pyloric stenosis |
| The most prevalent inflammatory disease of the liver most commonly caused by a viral infection of a reaction to drugs and toxins is ___________. | hepatitis |
| Which organ controls the level of glucose circulating in the blood? | pancreas |
| What is the most common cause of acute cholecystitis? | cystic duct obstruction by gallstones |
| What is the most common malignancy of the liver? | Hepatic metastasis |
| Which type of viral hepatitis is of most concern to healthcare workers? | HBV |
| is an inflammatory process in which protein- and lipid-digesting enzymes become activated within the pancreas and begin to digest the organ itself. | acute pancreatitis |
| is defined as free air in the peritoneal cavity. | Pneumoperitoneum |
| What is the most common site of pancreatic cancer? | head of the pancreas |
| most common type of pancreatic cancer | adenocarcoma |
| is defined as walled-off fluid collections. | Pancreatic pseudocyst |
| Enlargement of the spleen is called? | spleenomegoly |
| is secreted to the duodenum via the common bile duct – allows fats to emulsify | bile |
| secrete 1pt bile per day (essential for the absorption and digestion of fats and vitamins a, d, e, and k. Stores glycogen | Liver |
| vermiform | appendix |
| store and concentrate bile | gall bladder |
| controls circulating levels of glucose by secreting insulin and glucagon in the islets of langerhans | pancreas |
| result from the failure of the esophageal lumen to develop completely separate from the trachea | congenital form of tracheosophageal fistula |
| The lack of the development of the esophageal lumen resulting in a blind pouch | Esophageal Atresia |
| Inflammation/infection of the lining of the esophagus | esophagitis |
| Acute form of esophagitis is most commonly the result of | reflux of stomach contents into distal esophagus. |
| GERD | gastroesophageal reflux disease |
| Chronic esophagitis may result in strictures or | Barrette's esophagus |
| most common site of esophageal cancer | esophagogastric junction |
| Outpouchings of the esophageal wall | essophageal diverticula |
| Diverticulum of the mucosa of the pharaynx, above the cricopharyngeal muscle. | Zenker's diverticulum |
| Dilated veins in the distal esophagus Caused by portal hypertension | esophageal varicies |
| Protrusion of a portion of the stomach into the thoracic cavity through the esophageal hiatus in the diaphragm Commonly causes GERD | Hiatal hernia |
| Functional obstruction of the distal esophagus with proximal dilation Caused by incomplete relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter | achalasia |
| Which pathology is defined as a development anomaly in which the esophagus ends in a blind pouch? | Atresia |
| is defined as inflammation of the stomach mucosa. Caused by irritants including: Alcohol Corrosive agents Infection | gastritis |
| is also known as infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS) Two muscular layers of the pylorus become hyperplastic and hypertrophic Causes are thought to be a combination of environmental and hereditary factors. | pyloric stenosis |
| is a group of inflammatory processes involving the stomach and duodenum It is caused by the action of acid and the enzyme pepsin secreted by the stomach. | peptic ulcer disease |
| Gastric cancer is one of the most common cancers in the United States. | false |
| What are the complications of peptic ulcer disease? | Hemorrhage Gastric outlet obstruction Perforation |
| Which portion of the small bowel is most often affected by Crohn’s disease? | terminal ileum |
| is outpouchings that are acquired herniations of mucosa and submucosa through the muscular layers at points of weakness in the bowel wall. Incidence increases with age It occurs most commonly in the sigmoid portion. | Diverticulosis |
| Radiographically may notice loss of haustral markings (chronic) Extreme dialation of colon Toxic megacolon | ulcerative colitis |
| colitis is the second major cause of inflammatory bowel disease. It is identical to Crohn’s disease in the small bowel. most commonly effects proximal colon | Crohn’s Colitis |
| refers to several conditions that have an alteration in intestinal motility as the underlying pathophysiologic abnormality. Most common symptoms are alternating periods of constipation and diarrhea. | irritable bowel syndrome |
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