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Human Growth Ch. 13
Human Growth and Development Chapter 13
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| industry vs. inferiority | the fourth of Erickson's eight psychosocial crises, during which children attempt to master many skills, developing a sense of themselves as either industrious or inferior, competent or incomptent |
| latency | Freud's term for middle-childhood during which children's emotional drives and psychosexual needs are quite; Freud thought that sexual conflicts from earlier stages are only temporarily submerged, bursting forth again at puberty |
| social comparison | the tendency to assess one's abilities, achievements, social status, and other attributes by measuring them against those of other people, especially one's peers |
| effortful control | the ability to regulate one's emotions and actions through effort, not simply through natural inclination |
| resilience | the capacity to adapt well to significant adversity and to overcome serious stress; dynamic, positive adaptation, must be significant |
| family structure | the legal and genetic relationships among relatives among relatives living in the same home; includes nuclear family, extended family, stepfamily, and so on |
| family function | the way a family works to meet the needs of its members; children needs families to provide basic material necessities, to encourage learning, to help them develop self-respect, to nurture friendships, and to foster harmony and stability |
| nuclear family | a family that consists of a father, a mother, and their biological children under age 18 |
| single-parent family | a family that consists of only one parent and his or her biological childreun under age 18 |
| extended family | a family of three or more generations living in one household |
| polygamous family | a family consisting of one man, several wives, and the biological children of the man and his wives |
| culture of children | the particular habits, styles, and values that reflect the set of rules and rituals that characterize children as distinct from adult society |
| aggressive-rejected | rejected by peers because of antagonistic, confrontational behavior |
| withdrawn-rejected | rejected by peers because of timid, withdrawn, and anxious behavior |
| social cognition | the ability to understand social interactions, including the causes and consequences of human behavior |
| bullying | repeated, systematic efforts to inflict harm through physical, verbal, or social attack on a weaker person |
| bully-victim | someone who attacks others and who is attacked as well; also called provocative victims because they do things that elicit bullying such as stealing a bully's pencil |
| successful way to stop bullying | everyone must change not just the bullies, intervention is more effective in earlier grades, evaluation is critical |
| preconventional moral reasoning | Kohlberg's first level of moral reasoning emphasizing rewards and punishments |
| conventional moral reasoning | Kohlberg's second level of moral reasoning emphasizing social rules |
| postconventional moral reasoning | Kohlberg's third level of moral reasoning emphasizing moral principles |
| values among 6-11 year olds | protect your friends, don't tell adults what is happening, don't be too different from your peers |
| stepparent family | children who live with mother or father with their new spouse which is their stepparent |
| grandparent family | grandma and grandpa take care of children becaues parents are absent |
| two same sex parents | children who live with homosexual couple |
Created by:
sietsmame