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Sociolinguistics
midterm
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Sociolinguistics | The scientific study of the relationships between language and society in order to understand how language is used and interpreted in interaction with specific factors and social contexts |
| Speech Community | a group of people who have certain rules and norms for one or more of the features of language |
| Dialect | Within a language, a systematic variation associated with a particular group or region. Dialects differ from one another, to greater or lesser degree, in terms of vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation (accent) |
| Linguistic Variable | A linguistic item which has identifiable variants (singing - singin) ng |
| Regional Dialect | dialects that are found to be specific to a certain region |
| Ethnography | A description of all the factors that are relevant in understanding how that particular communicative event achieves its objectives SPEAKING |
| Participant Observation | A research technique where the participant observer studies the life of a group by sharing in its activities |
| Observers Paradox | Where the events of an experiment are influenced by the presence of an observer. Those being observed act differently because they know they are being observed. |
| Dialect Continuum | A continuum of dialects sequentially spread over space: A B C D. Over large distances some dialects may be mutually intelligible |
| Dialect Boundary | When several isoglosses coincide |
| Isogloss | Sometimes maps are drawn to show actual boundaries around such features, boundaries called isoglosses, so as to distinguish an area in which a certain feature is found from areas in which it is absent |
| Dialectology | scientific study of a linguistic dialect |
| Standard Dialect | dialect that has risen socially with the historical fortunes of their speaker. The one spoken by educated people, the one chosen in formal contexts, the one enshrined in print. Its power and position derive from political circumstance |
| Non-Standard Dialect | Dialects other than the norm. Often subject to being considered incorrect. Stereotyped as uneducated |
| Dialect Standardization/Codification | the research done on a language, how its used and by whom, roots, and pronunciation. In order to define word and add it to the languages dictionary, |
| Ideolect | An individuals way of speaking including sounds, words, grammar, and style. |
| Linguistic Marker | marks the area you are from such as the use of aint |
| Prescriptive Language | theory of how language should be used |
| Descriptive Lang | actual use of language in society |
| Language Accommodation Theory | Refers to the way in which we establish and maintain relationships through language use. We change our language to create boundaries for who is in or out of the group |
| Covergence and Divergence | We can use language to converge and form comradery among other or to diverge and create distance between us and others. We used convergence and divergence of language to create boundaries for who is in or out of the group |
| Southern Dialect | - widely recognized as a legitimate dialect - incorrect - you y'all - im fixing to eat breakfast |
| African | ebonics habitual be- they be happy aint |
| West Indies | dis dere de |
| Boston | r dropping so do i , so don't i (negative positive) |
| New York | aw sound r dropping |
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