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Health
Chapter 5: Nutrition Class Notes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Nutrients found in food can be classified into which six groups? | carbohydrates, proteins, fat, vitamins, minerals, and water |
| Water is __________. | essential to all living things |
| Carbohydrates ___________. | are the starches and sugars present in foods |
| Starches and sugars present in food provide __________ to the body. | energy |
| How many calories does carbohydrates have per gram? | 4 |
| Carbohydrates are made of __________ different elements. | three |
| What elements are carbohydrates made out of? | carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen |
| The two types of carbohydrates are __________. | simple and complex |
| Simple carbohydrates include __________. | sugar |
| What is the body's main source of energy? | glucose |
| Sucrose: | sweetner (table sugar) |
| Fructose: | sugar found in fruits |
| Lactose: | sugar found in dairy products |
| Complex carbohydrates include: | starches |
| Starches are found in __________. | root vegetables, legumes, and potatoes |
| Body breaks down the complex carbohydrates __________. | before they can be used for energy |
| The body can use energy from the breakdown of __________. | complex carbohydrates |
| Glucose not used right away is stored in the _________. | liver and muscles as glycogen |
| When more energy is needed, glycogen is converted back to glucose. Glucose is ready to use form. Glycogen is converted back to __________. | sugar |
| If you consume too many carbohydrates, your body stores it as __________. | fat |
| Complete proteins contain all _________. | 9 essential amino acids |
| Complete proteins are __________. | found in animal products |
| Complete proteins are __________. | also found in soybean products |
| Incomplete proteins lack ____________. | one or more essential amino acids |
| Incomplete proteins are __________. | found in beans, peas, nuts, and whole grains |
| You can complete the protein by combining __________. | foods (doesn't have to be in the same meal) |
| What is the role of proteins? | they help the body build new cells and tissues from the amino acids |
| Proteins replace ___________ by making new ones from protein. | damaged or worn out cells |
| The body uses proteins to make __________. | enzymes, hormones, and antibodies |
| Enzymes: | control the rate of chemical reactions in your cells |
| Hormones: | regulate the activities of different cells |
| __________ help identify and destroy disease-causing organisms. | Antibodies |
| Fibers: | an indigestible complex carbohydrate |
| Fiber is found in __________. | found in veggies, fruit, and whole grain |
| Fibers are found in the tough, stringy parts of __________. | veggies, fruit, and whole grains |
| Fibers help to __________. | move waste through the digestive system |
| Fibers help to prevent __________. | intestinal problems such as constipation |
| You should eat _________ of fiber. | 20 to 35 grams a day |
| Proteins help to build and maintain __________. | body cells tissues |
| Proteins are made of _________. | 20 different amino acids |
| Your body makes ___________ that make up proteins. | 11 amino acids |
| The __________ that your body can't make are called ___________. | 9, essential amino acids |
| You must get the 9 essential amino acids from the __________. | food you eat |
| Protein provides the body with __________. | energy |
| Protein is ___________. | not the primary source of energy. |
| how many calories per gram is protein? | 4 |
| Proteins in food are classified into 2 groups: | complete and incomplete proteins |
| Complete proteins: | contain all 9 essential amino acids |
| Complete proteins are found in __________. | animal products and soybean products |
| Incomplete Proteins: | lack one or more essential amino acids (beans, nuts, whole grains) |
Created by:
alirocks2