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Rad Pro Ch 5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The phase of mitosis during which two chromatids repel each other and migrate along the mitotic spindle to opposite sides of the cell. | Anaphase |
| Compounds composed entirely of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Sugars and starches are involved in energy-releasing processes in animals and plants. Also known as saccharides. | Carbohydrates |
| The multiplication process whereby one cell divides to form two or more cells. | Cell division |
| The frail, semiperm, flexible structure encasing and surrounding the human cell. It functions as a barricade to protect cellular contents from their outside environment and controls the passage of water and other materials into and out of the cell. | Cell membrane |
| Tiny, rod-shaped bodies that contain genes. | Chromosomes |
| The protoplasm that exists outside of the cell's nucleus. | Cytoplasm |
| Small structures present in the cytoplasm of the cell. | Cytoplasmic organelles |
| nucleic acid that carries the genetic information necessary for cell replication and directs the building of proteins. It is often referred to as the master chemical in the cell because it contains all the information that the cell needs to function. | DNA |
| A vast, irregular network of tubules and vesicles spreading and interconnecting in all directions throughout the cytoplasm, enabling the cell to communicate with the extracellular environment and transfer food from one part of the cell to another. | Endoplasmic reticulum ER |
| Compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, with the ratio of hydrogen atoms to oxygen atoms much greater than 2 to 1; a rich energy source. See lipids. | Fats |
| Segments of DNA that serve as the basic units of heredity. | Genes |
| The total amount of genetic material (DNA) contained in the chromosomes of a human being. | Human genome |
| Compounds that do not contain carbon. The inorganic compounds found in the human body occur in nature independent of living things. | Inorganic compounds |
| the period of cell growth that occurs before actual cell division. | Interphase |
| Water-insoluble macromolecules that consist only of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; store energy in the body for long periods of time. Also known as fats. | Lipids |
| The process of germ (genetic) cell division, which reduces the number of chromosomes in each daughter cell to half the number of chromosomes in the parent cell. | Meiosis |
| The substance responsible for making proteins out of amino acids. | mRNA |
| The phase of cell division during which the mitotic spindle is completed. It is also the phase of cell division in which chromosome damage caused by radiation exposure can be evaluated. | Metaphase |
| Large, double-membranous, oval or bean-shape structures containing highly organized enzymes in their inner membrane, which function as "powerhouses" of the cell because they supply the energy for cells | Mitochondria |
| The process of somatic cell division wherein a parent cell divides to form two daughter cells identical to the parent cell. | Mitosis (M) |
| Large, complex macromolecules made up of nucleotides. | Nucleic acids |
| The center of the cell; a spherical mass of protoplasm containing the genetic material (DNA), which is stored in its molecular structure. | Nucleus |
| All carbon compounds, both natural and artificial. | Organic compounds |
| The phase of cell division during which the nucleus and the chromosomes enlarge and the DNA begins to take structural form. | Prophase |
| Amino acids linked in various patterns and combinations. Proteins contain carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and occasionally other elements, such as sulfur. Proteins are the most elementary building blocks of cells. | Proteins |
| The making of new proteins. | Protein synthesis |
| The chemical building material of all living things, protoplasm consists of inorganic substances, such as water and mineral salts, and organic substances, including proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids. | Protoplasm |
| Type of nucleic acid that carries genetic information from the DNA in the cell nucleus to the ribosomes located in the cytoplasm. | RNA |
| Type of RNA that assists in the linking of messenger RNA to the ribosome to facilitate protein synthesis. | rRNA |
| Very small, spherical, cytoplasmic organelles that attach to the endoplasmic reticulum. They are the cell's "protein factories." | Ribosomes |
| aka carbohydrates | Saccharides |
| The phase of mitosis during which cell division is completed with the formation of two new daughter cells, each of which contains exactly the same genetic material as the parent cell. | Telophase |
| Type of RNA that combines with individual amino acids from different areas of the cell and attaches them to the ribosomes. | tRNA |
Created by:
cconley53