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Chemistry C1
OCR 21st Century Science: Chemistry: C1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What two gases are the main constituents of air? | Nitrogen, oxygen |
| After nitrogen and oxygen, what are three next most common gases in air? | Argon, water vapour, carbon dioxide |
| What proportion of the air is nitrogen? | 78% |
| What proportion of the air is oxygen? | 21% |
| What proportion of the air is argon? | 1% |
| Billions of years ago, what were the most common gases in the earth's atmosphere? | Carbon dioxide and water vapour |
| As the planet evolved, photosynthesising organisms added what gas to the atmosphere? | Oxygen |
| As the planet evolved, photosynthesising organisms removed what gas from the atmosphere? | Carbon dioxide |
| How does carbon monoxide poison humans? | Reduces the amount of oxygen the blood can carry |
| Which gas is the main cause of acid rain? | Sulphur dioxide |
| How are fossil fuels formed? | Sedimentary rocks created from carboniferous organisms |
| What are the main changes that human activity has caused in the atmosphere? | Carbon dioxide and carbon particles. Small amounts of carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, sulphur dioxide |
| What is coal made of? | Carbon, mostly |
| What is a hydrocarbon? | A compound of hydrogen and carbon |
| What type of compound are petrol, diesel and fuel oil? | Hydrocarbons |
| When fuels burn, what chemical reactions occur? | Hydrogen and carbon atoms in the fuel combine with oxygen in the air to form water (hydrogen oxide) and carbon dioxide |
| What element needs to be present for hydrocarbons to burn? | Oxygen |
| Why do hydrocarbon fuels burn better in pure oxygen than air? | More oxygen |
| What is oxidation? | A compound combining with oxygen |
| What is reduction? | A compound losing oxygen in a chemical reaction |
| Do combustion reactions involve oxidation or reduction? | Oxidation |
| What happens in a chemical reaction? | Atoms get rearranged |
| What is conserved in a chemical reaction? | Mass (same number of atoms of each element) |
| If a fuel is burned that contains sulphur, what sulphurous compound will be created? | Sulphur dioxide |
| How are nitrogen oxides (pollutants) produced in combustion engines? | Combination of atmospheric oxygen and nitrogen at high engine temperatures |
| What's the chemical formula for carbon dioxide | CO2 |
| What's the chemical formula for carbon monoxide | CO |
| What's the chemical formula for sulphur dioxide | SO2 |
| What's the chemical formula for nitrogen dioxide | NO2 |
| What's the chemical formula for nitrogen monoxide | NO |
| What's the chemical formula for water | H20 |
| What does NOx mean? | Collective name for nitrogen oxides: NO and NO2 |
| What three methods can be used to reduce pollution caused by fossil fuel burning power stations | Use less electricity. Remove sulphur from fossil fuels. Remove sulphur dioxide and particulates from flue gases. |
| What technique is used for removing sulphur dioxide from flue gases? | Wet scrubbing |
| How can pollution from car emissions be reduced | Less fuel (better engines, drive less) Low sulphur fuels Catalytic converters More public transport Limits on exhaust emissions |
| Which two reactions take place in a car's catalytic converter | Nitrogen monoxide reduced to nitrogen Carbon monoxide oxidised to carbon dioxide |
| What are the two most important alternatives to fossil fuels for motor vehicles | Biofuels Electricity |
Created by:
HaydonPeter
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