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Genetics Review 12
Science - Mr. Barker
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the passing of physical characteristics from parents to offspring | heredity |
| a characteristic that an organism can pass on to its offspring throught its genes | trait |
| the scientific study of heredity | genetics |
| the offspring of many generations that have the same trait | purebred |
| the set of information that controls a trait; a segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait | gene |
| the different forms of a gene | allele |
| an allele whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present - the stronger trait | dominant allele |
| an allele that is masked when a dominant allele is present | recessive allele |
| an organism that has 2 different alleles for a trait; an organism that is heterozygous for a particular trait | hybrid |
| the process in which an egg cell and a sperm cell join to form a new organism | fertilization |
| a number that describes how likely it is that an event will occur | probability |
| a chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross | Punnett Square |
| an organism's physical appearance, or visible traits | phenotype |
| an organism's genetic makeup, or allele combinations | genotype |
| having 2 identical alleles for a trait | homozygous |
| having 2 different alleles for a trait | heterozygous |
| a condition in which neither of 2 alleles of a gene is dominant or recessive | codominance |
| the process that occurs in the formation of sex cells (sperm & egg) by which the # of chromosomes is reduced by 1/2 | meiosis |
| RNA that copies the coded message from DNA in the nucleus and carries the message into the cytoplasm | messenger RNA |
| RNA in the cytoplasm that carries an amino acid to the ribosome and adds it to the growing protein chain | transfer RNA |
| a change in a gene or chromosome | mutation |
| three or more forms of a gene that code for a single trait | multiple alleles |
| a pair of chromosomes carrying genes that determine whether a person is a male or female (X or Y) | sex chromosomes |
| a gene that is carried on the X or Y chromosomes | sex-linked chromosomes |
| a person who has one recessive allele for a trait, but does not have the trait | carrier |
| an abnormal condition that a person inherits through genes or chromosomes | genetic disorder |
| a chart or "family tree" that tracks which members of a family have a particular trait | pedigree |
| a picture of all chromosomes in a cell arranged in pairs | karyotype |
Created by:
Mrs Pflomm