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Genetics Review 12

Science - Mr. Barker

Question	Answer
the passing of physical characteristics from parents to offspring	heredity
a characteristic that an organism can pass on to its offspring throught its genes	trait
the scientific study of heredity	genetics
the offspring of many generations that have the same trait	purebred
the set of information that controls a trait; a segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait	gene
the different forms of a gene	allele
an allele whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present - the stronger trait	dominant allele
an allele that is masked when a dominant allele is present	recessive allele
an organism that has 2 different alleles for a trait; an organism that is heterozygous for a particular trait	hybrid
the process in which an egg cell and a sperm cell join to form a new organism	fertilization
a number that describes how likely it is that an event will occur	probability
a chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross	Punnett Square
an organism's physical appearance, or visible traits	phenotype
an organism's genetic makeup, or allele combinations	genotype
having 2 identical alleles for a trait	homozygous
having 2 different alleles for a trait	heterozygous
a condition in which neither of 2 alleles of a gene is dominant or recessive	codominance
the process that occurs in the formation of sex cells (sperm & egg) by which the # of chromosomes is reduced by 1/2	meiosis
RNA that copies the coded message from DNA in the nucleus and carries the message into the cytoplasm	messenger RNA
RNA in the cytoplasm that carries an amino acid to the ribosome and adds it to the growing protein chain	transfer RNA
a change in a gene or chromosome	mutation
three or more forms of a gene that code for a single trait	multiple alleles
a pair of chromosomes carrying genes that determine whether a person is a male or female (X or Y)	sex chromosomes
a gene that is carried on the X or Y chromosomes	sex-linked chromosomes
a person who has one recessive allele for a trait, but does not have the trait	carrier
an abnormal condition that a person inherits through genes or chromosomes	genetic disorder
a chart or "family tree" that tracks which members of a family have a particular trait	pedigree
a picture of all chromosomes in a cell arranged in pairs	karyotype

Created by: Mrs Pflomm

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