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Anti-Infective Agent
Anit-Infective Agents Pharmacology
Question | Answer |
---|---|
ANTIBIOTICS OR ANTIBACTERIALS | Medicines created to fight bacterial infections |
Salvarsan | "The Magic Bullet" - The organic arsenic compound used to treat syphilis in 1909 |
SULFONAMIDES | Developed from the compound found in red dye in Germany in the 1930's |
Sulfanilamide | Trade Name: Prontosil (antibiotic) |
Sulfamethoxazole | Trade Name: Septra and Bactrim (antibiotic) |
PENICILLINS | First antibiotic developed in the U.S. in the 1940's |
Penicillin G | Trade Name: Bicillin (injectible) Penicillin V (oral) Ampicillin (oral) Amoxicillin (oral) |
Methicillin | A synthetic penicillinase-resistant drug |
Ticarcillin | The new agent that has an extended spectrum of action for the penicillin family |
AMINOGLYCOSIDES | Prototype for this class is Streptomycin |
Streptomycin | First aminoglycoside discovered |
Neomycin | Used in many antibiotic ointments (too toxic for internal use) |
Gentamicin | Used systemically to treat nasty infections such as gram-negative sepsis. *This drug family was used to brin TB under control in 1946-47 |
CEPHALOSPORINS | Beta Lactam Drugs |
Cephalexin | Trade Name: Keflex (a first generation drug) |
Cefaclor | Trade Name: Ceclor (a second generation drug) |
Ceftriaxone | Trade Name: Rocephin (a third generation drug) which is used to treat STI's, and other bacterial infections. It is also given with Lidocane to take away pain of a shot |
CARBAPENEMS & MONOBACTAMS | Beta Lactam Drugs used to treat serious infections resistant to other antibiotics. They are bacterial cell wall inhibitors with no oral forms available. Used to treat: Streptococci Neisseria, Haemophilous, bacteria, & Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococci |
Aztreonoam | Trade Name: Azactam (best known drug for this group) |
Tetracycline | First broad spectrum antibiotic |
Tretracycline | Prototype of Tetracycline but due to resistance is relegated to the position of treating acne |
Minocycline | Trade Name: Minocin (prescribed to treat the acne vugaris that afflicts young adults and rosacea in adults) |
Doxycycline | Trade Name: Vibramycin (prescribed to treat the acne vugaris that afflicts young adults and rosacea in adults) |
Fluoroquinolones | Part of quinolone family of antibiotics |
Ciprofloxacin | Trade Name: Cirpo (a broad spectrum antibiotic to treat ear infections, pneumonia, & UTI's) |
Levofloxacin | Trade Name: Levaquin (is heir to Cipro and came to market in the 1990's) SIDE EFFECT: Rupture of tendons especially the Achilles tendon |
MACROLIDES | Broad spectrum drugs that can be used by people that are allergic to penicillin. They are "erythromycin-like" antibiotic that interferes with bacterial protein synthesis |
Azithromycin | Trade Name: Zithromax (aka Z-pack treatment with only 3 pill dose; broader spectrum; chemically more stable and better tolerated) |
Clarithromycin | Trade Name: Biaxin (broader spectrum; chemically more stable and better tolerated) |
Vancomycin | Trade Name: Vancocin (a glycopeptide drug used to treat MRSA) |
Clindamycin | Trade Name: Cleocin (used topically treat acne and skin infection preparations; alternative for those allergic to penicillin) |
Metronidazole | Terrible-tasting, terrible drug; hard on stomach, causing diarrhea, etc.; used for anaerobic infections and certain infections of GI tract/vaginal tract (Giardia) |
Septra or Bactrim | Generic Name: Trimethoprim + Sulfamethoxazole *Combination Antibiotic (used to treat uncomplicated UTI's) |
Augmentin | Generic Name: Amoxicillin + Clavulanate *Combination Antibiotic (used in treating infections produced by penicillinase-producing bacteria) |
ANTIVIRALS | Drugs used to treat viruses and were first developed in the 1950's as treatment for herpes virus infections in the eye |
HIV/AIDS DRUGS | Introduced in 1995, Protease Inhibitors (PIs) and most potent class of HIV antiviral drugs |
HAART Therapy | Combinations or "cocktails" of at least 3 drugs belonging to at least 2 classes: 1. 2 NARTIs plus either 2. a protease inhibitor, or 3. a NNRTI |
NARTI or "Nuke" | Stands for: Nucleoside Analogue Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor *AZT was the first anti-AIDS drug, the only one in the early 1990's |
NNRTI or "Non-Nuke" | Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor and is used in treating the HIV infection |
PI | Protease Inhibitor and is the 3rd drug in the arsenal to treat HIV |
Atripla | Combination drug used in the treating of the HIV/AIDs with one pill |
DRUGS FOR WASTING SYNDROME | Aka: Cachexia - is seen in many patients with severe, chronic illnesses (such as rheumatiod arthritis, cancer, and AIDS) |
Dronabinol | Trade Name: Marinol ("THC" drug that some patients use instead of the medicinal marijuana) *Synthetic cannabinoid in form of a pill |
Megastrol | Trade Name: Megace (A progesterone-like hormone that is used to treat muscle wasting and help with weight gain) |
DHT | Trade Name: Dihydrotestosterone (male sex hormone that is used to treat muscle wasting and aid with weight gain) |
HERPES VIRUS DRUGS (besides the drug to treat HIV) | Antivirals available to help deal with HIV, herpes viruses, the hepatitis B & C viruses and influenza A & B) |
Acyclovir | Trade Name: Zovirax (prototype, was the first to treat herpes viruses such as cold sore approved in 1982, later used to treat genital herpes) |
Valacyclovir | Trade Name: Valtrex (drug to treat Herpes Virus) |
INFLUENZA DRUGS | Viral resistance developed to the original influenza drug amantadine, and replace by a group of drugs called neuraminidase inhibitors; 2008-2009 flu season all tested resistant to the adamantanes) |
Amantadine | Trade Name: Symmetrel (developed in 1960 and was the first developed from tbe adamantine group and not used much any more) |
Oseltamivir | Trade Name: Tamiflu (newer neuraminidase inhibitors used to treat documented flu) |
Zanamivir | Trade Name: Relenza(newer neuraminidase inhibitors used to treat documented flu) |
TIV | Trivalent influenza vaccine *Vaccine against the flu |
OTHER ANTIVIRALS | |
Ribavirin | Drug to treat RSV in babies, hemorrhagic fevers and Hantavirus infections (approved in 1998, as part of a treatment along with a group of natural human hormone chemicals called "interferons") |
Gardasil Vaccine | Vaccine developed to prevent the development of the STD human papilloma virus that can cause cervical cancer in women |
ANTIFUNGAL DRUGS | |
Nystatin | Earliest antifungal |
Clotrimazole and Miconazole | Azole drgs that are used to treat superficial infections such as thrush, vaginal yeast infections and ringworm |
Amphotericin B | Aka: "Amphiterrible" (first anti fungal drug for treating systemic fungal infections |
Fluconazole | Trade Name: Diflucan (tolerated antifungal) |
Terbinafine | Trade Name: Lamisil (well tolerated systemic antifungal) |