Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Anti-Infective Agent
Anit-Infective Agents Pharmacology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ANTIBIOTICS OR ANTIBACTERIALS | Medicines created to fight bacterial infections |
| Salvarsan | "The Magic Bullet" - The organic arsenic compound used to treat syphilis in 1909 |
| SULFONAMIDES | Developed from the compound found in red dye in Germany in the 1930's |
| Sulfanilamide | Trade Name: Prontosil (antibiotic) |
| Sulfamethoxazole | Trade Name: Septra and Bactrim (antibiotic) |
| PENICILLINS | First antibiotic developed in the U.S. in the 1940's |
| Penicillin G | Trade Name: Bicillin (injectible) Penicillin V (oral) Ampicillin (oral) Amoxicillin (oral) |
| Methicillin | A synthetic penicillinase-resistant drug |
| Ticarcillin | The new agent that has an extended spectrum of action for the penicillin family |
| AMINOGLYCOSIDES | Prototype for this class is Streptomycin |
| Streptomycin | First aminoglycoside discovered |
| Neomycin | Used in many antibiotic ointments (too toxic for internal use) |
| Gentamicin | Used systemically to treat nasty infections such as gram-negative sepsis. *This drug family was used to brin TB under control in 1946-47 |
| CEPHALOSPORINS | Beta Lactam Drugs |
| Cephalexin | Trade Name: Keflex (a first generation drug) |
| Cefaclor | Trade Name: Ceclor (a second generation drug) |
| Ceftriaxone | Trade Name: Rocephin (a third generation drug) which is used to treat STI's, and other bacterial infections. It is also given with Lidocane to take away pain of a shot |
| CARBAPENEMS & MONOBACTAMS | Beta Lactam Drugs used to treat serious infections resistant to other antibiotics. They are bacterial cell wall inhibitors with no oral forms available. Used to treat: Streptococci Neisseria, Haemophilous, bacteria, & Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococci |
| Aztreonoam | Trade Name: Azactam (best known drug for this group) |
| Tetracycline | First broad spectrum antibiotic |
| Tretracycline | Prototype of Tetracycline but due to resistance is relegated to the position of treating acne |
| Minocycline | Trade Name: Minocin (prescribed to treat the acne vugaris that afflicts young adults and rosacea in adults) |
| Doxycycline | Trade Name: Vibramycin (prescribed to treat the acne vugaris that afflicts young adults and rosacea in adults) |
| Fluoroquinolones | Part of quinolone family of antibiotics |
| Ciprofloxacin | Trade Name: Cirpo (a broad spectrum antibiotic to treat ear infections, pneumonia, & UTI's) |
| Levofloxacin | Trade Name: Levaquin (is heir to Cipro and came to market in the 1990's) SIDE EFFECT: Rupture of tendons especially the Achilles tendon |
| MACROLIDES | Broad spectrum drugs that can be used by people that are allergic to penicillin. They are "erythromycin-like" antibiotic that interferes with bacterial protein synthesis |
| Azithromycin | Trade Name: Zithromax (aka Z-pack treatment with only 3 pill dose; broader spectrum; chemically more stable and better tolerated) |
| Clarithromycin | Trade Name: Biaxin (broader spectrum; chemically more stable and better tolerated) |
| Vancomycin | Trade Name: Vancocin (a glycopeptide drug used to treat MRSA) |
| Clindamycin | Trade Name: Cleocin (used topically treat acne and skin infection preparations; alternative for those allergic to penicillin) |
| Metronidazole | Terrible-tasting, terrible drug; hard on stomach, causing diarrhea, etc.; used for anaerobic infections and certain infections of GI tract/vaginal tract (Giardia) |
| Septra or Bactrim | Generic Name: Trimethoprim + Sulfamethoxazole *Combination Antibiotic (used to treat uncomplicated UTI's) |
| Augmentin | Generic Name: Amoxicillin + Clavulanate *Combination Antibiotic (used in treating infections produced by penicillinase-producing bacteria) |
| ANTIVIRALS | Drugs used to treat viruses and were first developed in the 1950's as treatment for herpes virus infections in the eye |
| HIV/AIDS DRUGS | Introduced in 1995, Protease Inhibitors (PIs) and most potent class of HIV antiviral drugs |
| HAART Therapy | Combinations or "cocktails" of at least 3 drugs belonging to at least 2 classes: 1. 2 NARTIs plus either 2. a protease inhibitor, or 3. a NNRTI |
| NARTI or "Nuke" | Stands for: Nucleoside Analogue Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor *AZT was the first anti-AIDS drug, the only one in the early 1990's |
| NNRTI or "Non-Nuke" | Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor and is used in treating the HIV infection |
| PI | Protease Inhibitor and is the 3rd drug in the arsenal to treat HIV |
| Atripla | Combination drug used in the treating of the HIV/AIDs with one pill |
| DRUGS FOR WASTING SYNDROME | Aka: Cachexia - is seen in many patients with severe, chronic illnesses (such as rheumatiod arthritis, cancer, and AIDS) |
| Dronabinol | Trade Name: Marinol ("THC" drug that some patients use instead of the medicinal marijuana) *Synthetic cannabinoid in form of a pill |
| Megastrol | Trade Name: Megace (A progesterone-like hormone that is used to treat muscle wasting and help with weight gain) |
| DHT | Trade Name: Dihydrotestosterone (male sex hormone that is used to treat muscle wasting and aid with weight gain) |
| HERPES VIRUS DRUGS (besides the drug to treat HIV) | Antivirals available to help deal with HIV, herpes viruses, the hepatitis B & C viruses and influenza A & B) |
| Acyclovir | Trade Name: Zovirax (prototype, was the first to treat herpes viruses such as cold sore approved in 1982, later used to treat genital herpes) |
| Valacyclovir | Trade Name: Valtrex (drug to treat Herpes Virus) |
| INFLUENZA DRUGS | Viral resistance developed to the original influenza drug amantadine, and replace by a group of drugs called neuraminidase inhibitors; 2008-2009 flu season all tested resistant to the adamantanes) |
| Amantadine | Trade Name: Symmetrel (developed in 1960 and was the first developed from tbe adamantine group and not used much any more) |
| Oseltamivir | Trade Name: Tamiflu (newer neuraminidase inhibitors used to treat documented flu) |
| Zanamivir | Trade Name: Relenza(newer neuraminidase inhibitors used to treat documented flu) |
| TIV | Trivalent influenza vaccine *Vaccine against the flu |
| OTHER ANTIVIRALS | |
| Ribavirin | Drug to treat RSV in babies, hemorrhagic fevers and Hantavirus infections (approved in 1998, as part of a treatment along with a group of natural human hormone chemicals called "interferons") |
| Gardasil Vaccine | Vaccine developed to prevent the development of the STD human papilloma virus that can cause cervical cancer in women |
| ANTIFUNGAL DRUGS | |
| Nystatin | Earliest antifungal |
| Clotrimazole and Miconazole | Azole drgs that are used to treat superficial infections such as thrush, vaginal yeast infections and ringworm |
| Amphotericin B | Aka: "Amphiterrible" (first anti fungal drug for treating systemic fungal infections |
| Fluconazole | Trade Name: Diflucan (tolerated antifungal) |
| Terbinafine | Trade Name: Lamisil (well tolerated systemic antifungal) |
Created by:
snuzyque
Popular Chemistry sets