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Physics 10
BC Science 10 Physics vocabulary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is radioactivity? | The release of high energy particles and rays of energy from a substance as a result of changes in the nuclei of it's atoms |
| What is natural background radiation? | The stream of high energy fast moving particles or waves that is found in our environment. |
| What is radiation? | High energy rays and particles emitted by radioactive sources. |
| What is light? | One form of radiation that is visible to humans. |
| What are isotopes? | Different atoms of a particular element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. |
| What is mass number? | An integer that represents the sum of an atoms protons and neutrons. |
| displacement | straight line distance and direction from one point to another - change in position |
| distance | Without direction, describes the length of a path between two points or locations |
| position | vector (with direction) that describes a point relative to a reference point. |
| position-time graph | A graph where you plot time on horizontal axis and position on vertical axis |
| scalars | quantities that describe magnitude but do not include direction |
| slope | (on a graph) refers to whether a line is horizontal (zero slope) or goes up (positive slope) goes down (negative slope) at an angle. |
| uniform motion | travelling in equal displacement in equal time intervals (neither speeding up, slowing down, nor changing direction) |
| vectors | quantities that have both magnitude and a direction |
| average velocity | the rate of change in position for a time interval |
| speed | the distance an object travels during a given time interval divided by the time interval |
| velocity | the displacement of an object during a time interval divided by the time interval |
| acceleration | the rate at which an object changes it's velocity |
| change in velocity | change that occurs when the speed of an object changes, or it's direction of motion changes, or both; calculated by subtracting initial velocity from final velocity |
| deceleration | Acceleration that is opposite to the direction of motion. A decrease in the speed of the object. |
| acceleration due to gravity | Acceleration due to gravity in the absense of air resistance; the value of acceleration due to gravity near the surface of the earth is approx. 9.8 m/s squared downward. |
| air resistance | A friction like force that opposed the motion of objects that move through the air. |
| average acceleration | average rate at which on object changes its velocity; shown by the slope of a velocity time graph |
| constant acceleration | velocity changing at a constant rate |
| gravity | Attractive force between two or more masses; causes objects to be pulled toward the center of earth |
| velocity-time graph | time on x-axis and velocity on y-axis |
| alpha particle | Heavy positively charged atomic particle (same combination of particles as the nucleus of a Helium atom) |
| beta particle | a high speed electron emitted by a radioactive nucleus in beta-decay |
| gamma radiation | rays of high energy, short wave-length radiation emitted from the nuclei of atoms |
| radioactive decay | process in which the nuclei of radioactive parent isotopes emit alpha, beta, or gamma raditation to form decay products |
| daughter isotope | the stable product of radioactive decay |
| decay curve | a curved line on a graph that shows the rate at which radioisotopes decay |
| half-life | Time required for half of the nuclei in a sample of a radioactive isotope to decay |
| parent isotope | the isotope that undergoes radioactive decay |
| radiocarbon dating | determining the age of an object by measuring the amount of carbon-14 remaining in it |
| chain reaction | an ongoing process in which fission reaction initiates the next reaction |
| fission | A nuclear reaction in which a large nucleus breaks apart - creates energy |
| fusion | a process in which two low mass nuclei join together to make a more massive nucleus |
| nuclear equation | A set of symbols that indicates changes in the nuclei of atoms during a nuclear reaction |
| nuclear reaction | the process in which an atoms nucleus changes by gaining or releasing particles or energy |
Created by:
keiraogle
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