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A & P chapter 2
CCHS
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| matter | any thing that has space and mass |
| mass | the amount of matter |
| weight | the amount of gravitational pull |
| elements | substances with unique chemical properties |
| atoms | form elements, |
| atomic number | the number of protons |
| Ion | an atom that takes or gives up an electron (an atom with a charge) |
| mass number | the number of protons plus the number of neutrons |
| isotopes | variations of an element which have slightly different numbers of neutrons |
| radioactive isotopes | unstable trying to revert back to stable form used in clinical settings |
| atomic weight | is howeve many grams it takes to make a mole |
| cation | when a atom loses an electron, becomming positively charged |
| anion | When a atom gains and electron and becoms negetively charged |
| types of chemical bonds | ionic, covalent, poloar covalent, hdyrogen |
| the electrons in the outermost shell | the chemical behavior is determined by the |
| ionic bond | not strong, easily dissolved in water, an electron is TRANSFERRED from one atom to another |
| Covalent bond | the strongest chemical bond, not as soluble in water as ionic, atoms share electrons |
| polar covalent bonds | electrons are shared unequally |
| Hydrogen bonding | involve hydrogen and either oxygen or nitrogen, weak bond. |
| solubility | the ability of one substance to dissolve into another |
| dissociation | dissolving |
| electrolytes | individual cation and anions that have been dissolved ( because they carry a charge) that can carry a current |
| Synthesis | A+B=AB |
| Anabolic | building reaction |
| Decomposition reaction | AB=A+B |
| Catabolic | breacking down into fragments |
| synthsis dehydration | Glucose+glucose=maltose+h2o...move two molecules together and remove water |
| decomposition hydrolysis | maltose+h2o=glucose and glucose...break a molecule apart by adding water |
| exchange reactions | AB+CD=AC+BD |
| Oxidation/ reduction reactions | transfer of electrons between molecules. |
| oxidation | loss of electrons |
| reduction | gain of electrons |
| reversible reactions | a+BC<=>ABC<=>AB+C |
| eneergy | capacity to do work (move matter) |
| potential energy | stored energy in an object |
| kinetic energy | actually doing work |
| chemical energy | found in bonds of chemicals ( forming them requires energy, and breaking the bond releases energy) |
| exergonic reaction | when the product have a lower chemical energy than the reactant (energy is released) |
| Endergonic reaction | when the product has higher chemical energy than the reactants ( requires energy to form) |
| Adenosine triphosphate | the energy molecule of a human |
| the rate of chemical reactions depens on | activation energy, catalyst, concentration of the reactants, and temperature |
| Activation energy | the min energy required to start a chemical reaction |
| catalysts | increases the rate of a reaction by decreasing the activation energy required to start. |
| concentration of the reactants | the more reactants the more products there are |
| temperature | increased temperature can cause an increased rate of a reaction |
| inorganic chemistry | small and do not contain carbon, except for co and co2 |
| water | the most important inorganic molecule, hish specific heat, reduces friction, universal solvant, great mixing medium. |
| solution | contains totally dissolved particles |
| suspension | contain undissolved particles that will settle out |
| colloids | contains undissolved particles that will not settle out |
| solute | the particles being dissolved |
| solvent | the medium that particles are being dissolved into |
| concentration | the amout of solute in a solution |
| percentages | the weight in grams per 100 mls of solution |
| osmoles | number of total particles in a solutions. one mole of a substnace dissolved into 1 kg of h20 is an osmole. |
| acid | gives up a proton H+ (proton donor) |
| base | a molecule that accepts a H+ ( proton reciever) |
| PH scale | the measure of how many H+ there aer in a solution |
| more H+ | the more acidic a soulution it is (1 being most acidic) |
| more OH- than H+ | the more alkaline the solution is |
| a humans ph | 7.35-7.45 |
| nutralizing | adding a base to an acid makes water and salt |
| salt | a molecule that contains a cation other than H+ and an anion |
| buffers | weak acids and bases that can accept H+ if becomes too acidic, and can dontate them if it becomes too alkaline |
Created by:
masantha4
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