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Marine Science Ch 7
Ch 7 Review MCs
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the Forchhammer's principle? | principle of constant proportions; ratio of ions will always be constant |
| What is a solute? | A substance, usually a solid or gas, that dissolves in another substance (solvent) |
| What is not true of a mixture? | Is true: heterogenous, everything has its own separate properties, its properties vary from place to place, retain separate identities, not uniform throughout |
| What causes a decrease in oxygen levels beyond the sunlit layer? | lack of photosynthesis, respiration of marine animals and bacteria |
| What is not a factor on the salinity of a particular region of ocean? | are factors: evaporation, precipitation, and fresh-water runoff from the continents |
| What type of water mass dissolve the most amounts of gases? | cold/polar water masses (warm,tropical, and equatorial are interchangeable) |
| What is the average length of time an atom spends in the ocean? | residence time |
| What enhances the ocean's buffering capacity? | dissolved inorganic carbon |
| What is the colligative property of osmotic pressure? | pressure exerted on a biological membrane when the salinity of the environment is different from that within the cells |
| What is the greatest source of oxygen in deep water? | oxygen-rich polar water |
| Water is able to dissolve _______ due to its polarity. | ionic compounds and other polar molecules |
| What is the source of high carbon dioxide levels at middle depths in the ocean? | animals and decomposers, bacteria |
| Which element would be suprisingly considered a trace element in the ocean despite its abundance in the atmosphere? | nitrogen |
| What affects the residence time of an element? | chemical activity in water |
| What is the source of most of the dissolved materials found in the ocean? | dissolution and weathering of rocks |
| Which essential gas is often in an unusable form in the ocean and atmosphere? | nitrogen |
| The level of _____ increases with depth which is a factor in the calcium carbonate compensation depth. | carbon dioxide |
| How was salinity measured before the use of salinometers? | silver nitrate solution |
| What happens to pH levels in regions where there is more carbon dioxide present? | they decrease, becoming more acidic |
| Why is the amount of CO2 dissolved in seawater much less than the theoretical maximum saturation level? | it is used very quickly by photosynthetic organisms and changed to calcium carbonate |
| Why does oil not dissolve in water? | it is not polar |
| What factor allows for the carbon present in sediments to re-enter back into atmospheric and oceanic cycles? | geological updrift, sediments dissolving, acid rain |
| What is the approximate mixing time of the ocean? | 1,600 years |
| What does CO2 break down into once it is in the ocean? | carbonate, bicarbonate, carbonic acid, calcium carbonate |
| What is the average pH of the ocean? | 8.0 |
| What is diffusion? | the random movement of materials through a solution |
| How do modern salinometers measure salinity? | electrical conductivity |
| Which item is not considered to have a basic pH? A-seawater B-black coffee C-household ammonia D-baking soda | B-black coffee |
| What is the term for ocean components not accounted for by the weathering of continents? | excess volatiles |
| Why are some tropical waters unable to sustain life? | they have no oxygen because they are too hot; oxygen boils off |
Created by:
Koolia101