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Marine Science Ch 6
Ch 6 Review MCs
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| As pure water approaches its freezing point, the density decreases. Why does this happen? | Hydrogen bonds become rigid allowing the expansion; bond angle widens |
| Why is sensible heat detectable while heat that is not sensible cannot be measured? | Nonsensible heat has no temperature change |
| What is the structure of carbon dioxide an example of? | A compound. |
| What is the main reason for the stratification in the north polar waters? | Salinity. |
| How is sound transmitted through a medium? | Rapid pressure changes in a medium |
| What is thermal inertia? | resistance of change in temperature |
| Which water mass is characterized by increasing density with deeper depths? | Pycnocline. |
| What is a shadow zone? | Diversion of sound waves; region of little sound energy penetration. |
| What effect does temperature and pressure have on the speed of sound when entering seawater? | The speed (velocity) increases or decreases as the temperature and pressure increases or decreases. |
| What visible light wave is almost completely absorbed and converted to heat within the first few meters of the ocean? | Red |
| ______ connect(s) atoms by sharing the energy of paired electrons. | Covalent bonds |
| Why does the ocean not boil or freeze solid in different regions of the world? | Oceanic and atmospheric movement; ocean and atmospheric circulation of heat |
| What contributes to the high biological activity and surface nutrients in southern polar waters? | lack of density stratification, no continental margin to get in the way, and upwelling |
| Why is ice effective at cooling drinks? | latent heat of fusion |
| Which statement is not true of the relationship between latitude and ocean characteristics? | Are true: 30 to 60 degrees fluctuation pg.167 chart and graph |
| What is the name for a zone that decreases in temperature with depth? | thermocline |
| Which does not have an effect on water's density? | Does: temperature, pressure, and salinity |
| The pycnocline isolates the majority of the world ocean from: | sunlight, solar fluctuation, surface currents |
| What is the only substance to have a higher heat capacity than liquid water? | Ammonia |
| What allows water to be a polar molecule? | its positive end attracts particles that have a negative charge and its negative end attracts particles that have a positive charge; isolation of charges |
| Why does the latent heat of vaporization require so much heat energy? | It is the energy required to break hydrogen bonds |
| How does the absorption of light provide heat energy in the ocean? | electromagnetic energy (light) becomes heat energy once absorbed |
| The refractive index of seawater: | has a higher refractive index than fresh water |
| What is the difference between adhesion and cohesion? | Adhesion: water sticking to solids Cohesion: water sticking to water |
| Which is not a characteristic of thermoclines? | Are: deeper in tropic waters, dont't exist in polar waters, at high latitudes there are few, gradually changes at higher latitudes |
| Why is the solar layer efficient for sound travel? | the layer traps sound waves |
| What important characteristic of water is the blue color attributed to? | hydrogen bonds' reflection of blue and absorption of red |
| What is true of heat capacity? | amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1 degree Celsius |
| Why does sound travel rapidly through the lower well-mixed surface layer? | uniform temperature and salinity |
| What is the typical depth of light penetration in the open ocean? | 100 meters |
Created by:
Koolia101