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Pharm 1301- unit 2
CNS stimulants, depressants- adrenergic agents cholinergic agents- opoids
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the neurotransmitters in the sympathetic nervous system? | Epinephrine, norepinephrin and dopamine |
| What are the Neuortransmitters in the parasympathetic nervous system? | Acetylcholine (AcH) |
| What receptors are used in the sypathetic nervous system? | Alpha1, Alpha2, Beta1 and Beta2 |
| What receptors are used in the parasypathetic nervous system? | Muscarinic and Nicotinic |
| What system has adnergic receptors? | Sypathetic |
| what system has Chollinergic receptors? | Parasympathetic |
| Which receptors in the sympathetic nervous system increase contractillity of the heart, dialates pupils and is an agonist? | Alpha1 |
| Which receptors in the sypathetic nervous system inhibits norepinephrine, promotes vasodialation, decreased GI motility and is an antagonist? | Alpha2 |
| What receptors in the sympathetic nervous system work directly with the cardiac and renal systems? | Beta1 |
| What receptors in the sympathetic nervous system work directly with the respiratory system? | Beta2 |
| What are the 3 ways Norepinephrine can be used as the ganglion? | 1. reuptake 2. broken down by protein (AcH) 3. reabsorbs into the tissues. |
| What are endogenous catecholamines? | Epinephrine, Norepinephrine and dopamine |
| what are synthetic catecholamines? | isoproterenol & dobutamine |
| What are non-catecholamines? | Phenylephrine (cold meds) |
| What is significant about non-catecholamines? | they have a longer duration of action that endogenous and sythetic catecholamines. |
| What is the beats per minute when the term brachycardia is used? | under 60bpm |
| What is the beats per minute when the term tachycardia is used? | over 100bpm |
| What drug class is given to patients with elevated hr and bp? | betablockers |
| What effects does epinephrine have on the sypathetic nervous system? | increase bp and heart rate, broncodialation, inotrophic (contracts heart) vasoconstrictor. |
| When would a sythetic form of epinephrine be given? | anaphylaxis, broncospasms, cardiogenic shock, cardiac arrest. |
| What are the side effects of synthetic form of epinephrine? | cardiac arrythmia and decrease renal perfusion |
| what are drug interactions with synthetic form of epinephrine? | betablockers (decrease epi action) digoxin (causes cardiac dysrythmias) |
| What is an example of a nonselective beta blocker? | propranolol (inderol) |
| what is an example of a selective beta blocker? | metaprolol (lopressor) |
| what word is used to discribe pupil dilation? | mydriasis |
| What word is used to discribe pupil constriction? | miosis |
| What word discribes increased contractility of the heart? | inotropic |
| What word discribes increased heart rate? | chronotrophic |
| What word discribes increased conduction of the heart? | dromatrophic |
| what drugs end in -lol? | betablockers |
| what drugs end in -ine? | vasoactive sypathomimetics |
| What are the effects of cholinergic agents? | S-salvation L-lacrimation U-uninary incontinence D- diarrhea G- GI cramps E- emeis |
| what effects do cholinergic agents have on the parasympathetic system? | decrease hr, vasodialation, broncoconstriction |
| What anticholinergic drug reverses the effects of "sludge"? | atropine |
| what is significant of an anticholinergic and adrinergic drug? | they have similar effects on the nervous system |
| what is a direct acting anticholinergic? | Atropine |
| what is an indirect acting anticholinergic? | Neostiamine |
| What is a drug that is a cholinergic agonist? | Bethanechol |
| what is a nonselective betablocker? | Inderol |
| What is a selective betablocker? | lopressor |
| what drug category does ritilin fall under? | CNS stimulant-amphetamine like drug |
| what drug category stimulates the release of neurotransmitters - norepi and dopamine? | amphetamines |
| What are the effects of amphetamines? | euphoria and alertness |
| what drug category is used to treat narcolepsy and ADHD? | amphetamines |
| What is a side effect of Ritilin? | loss of appitite - it works directly on the cerebral cortex. |
| what is an example of an anorexiant? | dexatrim |
| What drug class has caffine & theophylline? | xanthines |
| what is the max amount of caffine a person should have per day? | 500mg |
| What effects on the CNS do the following drugs have on it: Barbituates Benzodiazapines Narcotics ETOH | depresses |
| what drugs typically end in "lam" or "pam"? | Benzodiazapines (BZP) |
| What is the main reason for giving sedatives? | to reduce anxiety |
| Why would phenobarbitol (leumonal) be given? | to treat seizers |
| what is an inhibiting neurotransmitter? | GABA |
| What are therapeutic uses for benzodiazapines? | sedation, sleep induce, anxiety relief, treatment of alcohol withdrawl |
| What drugs would be given to produce balanced anesthesia? | Valium (hypnotic the night before) Atropine (premed one hr before) Secenol (short acting barbituate) relaxing gas |
| What drug would you give to reverse the effects of a narcotic? | Narcan |
| What does tetrogenic mean? | do not take when pregnant |
| what is the MOA of an antieleptic drug? | to reduce neuron firing |
| what antiepileptic drug is highly protein bound, usually given with a loading dose and may cause gingival hyperplasia and liver toxicity? | Phenytoin (dilantin) |
| What drug treats antiepileptic, tmg, and bipolar? | Tegretol |
| What determining factor causes status epilepticus? | a seizure lasting over 20 min |
| What drugs are given to a patient with alzheimers disease? | acetylcholinesterast inhibitors |
| What is the action of Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor drugs: Aricept & Exelon | Allow more acetylcholine in neuron receptors Increase cognitive function |
| What are the side effects of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors? | Headache, dizziness Depression GI distress Dehydration, dry mouth, constipation Blurred vision Insomnia Hypertension, hypotension, dysrhythmias Hepatotoxicity |
| what drugs are given to treat Parkinsons disease? | Anticholinergics (cogentin and Artane) and dopaminergics (Carbidopa-levodopa (Sinemet) |
| Which side effect/adverse effect of carbidopa/levodopa does the nurse realize is most important to monitor? | Agranulocytosis |
| What drug interacts with Dopaminergics? | Vit- B6 |
| what are the effects of Cogentin & Artane? | decrease AcH decrease rigity decrease tremmors increase IOP (dont give to glacoma patients) |
| what drug is only given to parkensons disease patients? | synament (increases dopamine) |
| What is a major reason someone may be suffering from parkinsens disease? | an imbalance of dopamine and AcH (increase of AcH and a decrease of Dopamine) |
| What chemical mediators are present in an inflammatory response? | Histamine, kinins and prostiglandins |
| What does RICE mean? | R-rest I- Ice C- Compression E- Elevate |
| what are the cardinal signs of inflamation? | heat and redness pain edema loss of function |
| what category do these drugs fall into: asprin, advil and ibuprofen | nonsteroidals NSAIDs |
| what foods have salicylates? | plums, raisins, licorice and spices |
| what are the effects of overdose of salicylates? | tennitis and GI bleeding |
| if you inhibit cox-1 enzymes, what effects will you have on the body? | stomach bleeding |
| if you inhibit cox-2, what effects will happen? | blocks the pain |
| what is the only injectible NSAID? | Toradol |
| what drug is the only cox-2 inhibitor? | Celebrex |
| Is ibuprofen selective or nonselective? | it is nonselective |
| What does DMARD stand for? | disease modifying antirhematic drugs |
| What is gold therapy used for? | to treat rhematoid arthritis |
| what does COX-1 enzyme do? | protects stomach lining and regulates blood platelets |
| What does COX-2 enzyme do? | triggers inflammation and pain |
| What are some TNF blockers? (immunomodulators) | remicade, humira, endrel, orencia |
| What are some antigout meds? | Colchicine-Inhibit migration of leukocytes to inflamed site Uric acid inhibitors -Allopurinol (Zyloprim) Decreases production of uric acid Prophylactic to prevent gout attacks Probenecid (Benemid) |
| Which teaching does the nurse realize would have the highest priority for the client with gout who is taking colchicine | Avoid alcohol and caffeine |
| A client has been advised to take ibuprofen (Motrin). Which topic should the nurse teach the client about Motrin? | Tell client to avoid taking aspirin with Motrin, Advise client to take with food to reduce GI upset, Monitor for bleeding gums, nosebleeds, black tarry stools |
| what are the effects of acetaminophen? | inhibits prostaglandins synthesis |
| What is the fifth vital sign? | Pain and types of pain |
| what are nonopioid analgesics? | Salicylates-Aspirin COX-2 inhibitors-Celecoxib Para-aminophenol-Acetaminophen (Tylenol) Propionic acid group Ibuprofen (Motrin) Naproxen (Naprosyn) Ketorolac (Toradol) |
| what is the max dose of acetaminophen? | 4g/day |
| What are some opioids? | morphine & codeine, synthetic: demerol & dulaudid |
| Medicines used for migraines? | Analgesics -Aspirin, acetaminophen NSAIDs: ibuprofen, Opioid analgesics-Meperidine (Demerol) Ergot alkaloids -Dihydroergotamine mesylate (Migranal) Selective serotonin1 receptor agonists Sumatriptan (Imitrex) |
| The nurse knows that which drug can reverse respiratory depression in a client who is receiving morphine via a PCA pump and has respirations of 10? | Narcan |
| The nurse monitors the client taking morphine for which common side effect/adverse effect? | Urinary retention, constipation, hypotension, and decreased respiratory rate |
| What are are the types of pain? | Acute Cancer Chronic Somatic Superfical Vascular Visceral |
| What is a narcotic patch used? | Fentanyl |
| What is the theory of why phycosis occurs? | Results from dopamine imbalance in brain |
| what are the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenic? | Positive symptoms: characterized by exaggeration of normal function Negative symptoms: characterized by decrease or loss of function and motivation Negative symptoms: tend to be more chronic and persistent |
| What are the effects of using antiphycotics? | block the action of dopamine. When dopamine is blocked, extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) of parkinsonism occur. Tremors, masklike facies, rigidity, shuffling gait may develop. |
| What are typical antiphycotic medications used? | Chlorpromazine (Thorazine) Haloperidol (Haldol |
| What are the side effects of antiphychotics? | decressed BP photosynsitivity dry mouth consipation hematologic urinary retention ESP (more w/ typical drugs) |
| What are atypical antiphycotic medications used? | Olanzapine (Zyprexa) Seroquel |
| what are the causes of depression? | genetic predisposition social and enviroment biological conditions (cancer & premenstral) |
| Drugs to treat anxiety are: | Alprazolam (Xanax) Lorazepam (Ativan) |
| What are the side effects of Anxiolytics? | Drowsiness, dizziness, confusion Blurred vision Weakness, restlessness Sleep disturbance, hallucinations GI distress |
| what are the types of antidepressants? | TCA - Elavil MAOI - Nardil, Parnate SSRI-Paxil, Prozac and Zoloft |
| What is important to know about MAOIs? | lots of side effects no antihistimine no demeral can not eat anything w/ tyramine Can not use with a TCA drug |
| -ol is ending for what? | bronchodialators |
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510114845