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PSSA READING VOCAB
7th and 8th Grade PSSA Reading
| Question | |
|---|---|
| Analogy | comparison based upon the resemblance in some particular ways between things that are otherwise unlike |
| Alliteration | Ex. Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers. |
| Analogy | Ex. Sock is to foot, as mitten is to hand. |
| Antonyms | words with opposite meanings |
| Antonyms | Ex. hot and cold |
| Autobiography | the story of a person's life written by himself or herself |
| Biography | the story of a person's life written by someone other than the subject of the work |
| Cause and effect | the relationship in which one condition brings about another condition as a direct result |
| Cause and effect | Ex. As a result of the storm, the power was out. |
| Characterization | a description or representation of a person's qualities or traits |
| Cliché | a word or phrase that has become overly familiar or common place |
| Climax | the moment in a story when the action reaches its greatest conflict |
| Compare and contrast | to examine the likeness and differences of two people, ideas, or things |
| Compound word | a word composed of 2 or more smaller words |
| Compound word | Ex. wallpaper, bookstore, hallway |
| Conflict | the main source of drama and tension in a literary work |
| Context clues | information from the reading that identifies a word or group of words |
| Dialogue | the parts of a literary work that represents conversation. |
| Dialogue | Ex. "Please, hand me the rope!" Danny exhorted |
| Evaluate | to examine or judge carefully |
| Fable | a narrative with animals that have human characteristic intended to convey a moral |
| Fable | Ex. The Tortoise and the Hare |
| Fact | a piece of information that can be proven |
| Fact | Ex. There are 50 states in the United States of America. |
| Fairy tale | short narratives featuring mythical beings such as fairies, elves, and spirits |
| Fairy tale | Ex. Princess and the Pea, Cinderella |
| Fiction | any story that is the product of imagination rather than fact |
| Fiction | Ex. Harry Potter Series |
| Figurative language | description of one thing in terms usually used for something else |
| Figurative language | Ex. similes, metaphors, alliteration, hyperbole, onomatopoeia, pun, idiom |
| First person | events in a story that are told by a single character from their point of view |
| Flashback | the insertion of an earlier event into narrative |
| Folktales | a story originating in oral tradition |
| Folktales | Ex. legends, ghost stories, fairy tales, and fables |
| Foreshadowing | the use of clues to give readers a hint of events that will occur later on |
| Generalization | a conclusion drawn from specific information that is used to make a broad statement |
| Genre | a category used to classify literary works |
| Genre | Ex. fantasy, mystery, fiction, poetry, biography |
| Historical fiction | fiction represented in a setting true to the history of the time in which the story takes place |
| Historical fiction | Ex. Little House on the Prairie Series |
| Homophones | two or more words pronounced alike, but different in spelling or meaning |
| Homophones | Ex. hair-hare, their-there-they're, witch-which |
| Hyperbole | an exaggerated statement used to heighten effect |
| Hyperbole | Ex. I have millions of friends calling my house every night! |
| Idiom | a saying whose meaning can't be understood from the individual words in it |
| Idiom | Ex. He answered the question OFF THE TOP OF HIS HEAD. |
| Imagery | language that appeals to the senses t |
| Imagery | Ex. The snowcapped mountains were like giants gobs marshmallow peaks rising above the horizon. |
| Inference | a judgment based on reasoning rather than on direct statement. A conclusion based on facts; understandings gained by "reading between the lines" |
| Informational text | non-fiction text, written primarily to convey factual information |
| Informational text | Ex. textbooks, newspapers, reports, directions, brochures |
| Irony | the use of words to express the opposite of their literal meaning |
| Legend | a story handed down from earlier times; its truth is probably accepted but cannot be verified |
| Main idea | the author's message about the topic. It is often expressed directly in the first or last sentence of a paragraph, or it can be implied |
| Metaphor | a figure of speech that compares 2 unlike things without the use of like or as |
| Metaphor | Ex. The road was a ribbon of moonlight. |
| Meter | the repetition of stressed and unstressed syllables in a line of poetry |
| Mood | the feeling the author creates for the reader |
| Mood | emotions of a work or of the author in his or her creation of work |
| Narrative | the type of writing that tells a story |
| Narrator | the character who tells the story |
| Nonfiction | writing designed primarily to explain, inform, argue, or describe |
| Onomatopoeia | the use of words that mimic sounds |
| Onomatopoeia | Ex. Krackle! Boom! Zap! Zoink! |
| Opinion | a personal point of view or belief |
| Paraphrase | restate text or passage in other words, often to clarify meaning or show understanding |
| Personification | a figure of speech in which an inanimate object is given human characteristics |
| Personification | Ex. The waves crawled up onto the shore. |
| Poetry | present ideas and create an emotional experience in the reader through the use of meter, imagery, and rhythmic patterns |
| Point of view | the perspective from which a story is told |
| Prefix | an affix put before a word to alter its meaning |
| Problem | an obstacle or challenge the main character in a story needs to solve |
| Realistic fiction | the people, places and happenings in the story are similar to those in real life |
| Resolution | the part of the plot form the climax to the ending where the main dramatic conflict is worked out |
| Retell | a recount of a story that has just been read in your own words including details of character, plot, setting, conflict, and resolution |
| Rhyme | identical or very similar recurring final sounds in words usually at the end of lines of a poem |
| Rising action | events leading up to the climax, or turning point |
| Root word | a word to which prefixes and suffixes can be added to form different words |
| Rhythm | the pattern or beat of a poem or music |
| Sequencing | the placement of story events in the order of their occurrence |
| Setting | the time and place in which a story occurs |
| Simile | a figure of speech in which like or as are used to compare two unlike things |
| Simile | Ex. His face was as red as a cherry. |
| Solution | when the main character overcomes obstacles or solves the problem in a story |
| Suffix | groups of letters placed after a word to modify its meaning or change it into a different group |
| Summarize | to capture all the most important parts of the original text but express them in a much shorter space and in the readers own words |
| Symbolism | the use of a thing, character, object or idea to represent something else |
| Synonyms | words with similar meanings |
| Synonyms | Ex. Difficult and Hard |
| Theme | the message or lesson about life the author wants to communicate |
| Third person | a point of view from outside of any single character's perception |
| Tone | the attitude of the author toward the audience and characters |
| Alliteration | a repetition of initial, or beginning, sounds in two or more consecutive or neighboring words |
Created by:
melissar615
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