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BIO 110 Chapter 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Contains the chromosomes of a cell. | Nucleus |
| Made of phospholipids, protein, and cholesterol. | Cell Membrane |
| Is the control center of a cell because of the genes it contains. | Nucleus |
| A watery solution of minerals, organic molecules, and gases. | Cytoplasm |
| Forms the outermost boundary of a cell. | Cell Membrane. |
| Contains the molecules. | Nucleus |
| Permits certain substances to enter or leave the cell. | Cell Membrane |
| Found between the cell membrane and the nucleus. | Cytoplasm |
| Is selectively permeable. | Cell Membrane |
| Mature red blood cells lack this structure. | Nucleus |
| Name the three organic molecules that make up cell membranes. | Phospholipids, proteins, and cholesterol. |
| Provides stability for the cell membrane. | Cholesterol |
| Form pores and transporters in the cell membrane. | Protein |
| Are antigens, in combination with oligosaccharides. | Proteins |
| Permit the diffusion of lipid-soluble substances into or out of the cell. | Phospholipids |
| Are receptor sites for hormones. | Proteins |
| Made of proteins and ribosomal RNA | Ribosomes |
| Double-membrane stuctures; the inner membrane has folds called cristae. | Mitochondria |
| Two rod-shaped structures perpendicular to one another. | Centrioles |
| A single, long, thread-like projection. | Flagellum |
| An extensive series of membranous tubules that extend from the nuclear membrane to the cell membrane; may be rough or smooth. | Endoplasmic reticulum |
| Short thread-like projections through the cell membrane. | cilia |
| Single-membrane structures that contain tissue-digesting enzymes. | Lysosomes |
| Folds of the cell membrane on the free surface. | Microvilli |
| A series of flat, membranous sacs. | Golgi Apparatus |
| Barrel-shaped enzymatic structure. | Proteasome |
| The site of protein synthesis. | Ribosomes |
| The site of destruction of damaged proteins. | Proteasome |
| The site of ATP production | Mitochondria |
| Digest worn-out cell parts or ingested bacteria. | Lysosomes |
| Provides motility for a sperm cell. | Flagellum |
| Sweep materials across the cell surface. | Cilia |
| Passageway for transport of materials within the cell. | Endoplasmic reticulum |
| Organize the spindle fibers during cell division. | Centrioles |
| Synthesize carbohydrates and secrete materials from the cell. | Golgi Apparatus |
| Increase surface area for absorption by the cell. | Microvilli. |
| Diffusion of molecules, requiring carrier enzymes or transporters. | Facilitated Diffusion |
| The engulfing of something by a stationary cell. | Pinocytosis |
| The movement of molecules from and area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration. | Diffusion |
| The engulfing of something by a moving cell | Phagocytosis |
| The use of energy to move molecules from an area of lesser concentration to an area of greater concentration. | Active Transport. |
| The diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane. | Osmosis |
| Water and dissolved materials move through a membrane from an area of higher pressure to an area of lower pressure. | Filtration |
| The absorption of water by the small intestine or kidneys. | Osmosis |
| The movement of oxygen from the blood to the cells of the body. | Diffusion |
| Blood pressure in capillaries forces plasma out to become tissue fluid. | Filtration |
| The engulfing of bacteria by white blood cells. | Phagocytosis |
| The intake of glucose by cells of the body. | Facilitated Diffusion |
| The reabsorption of small proteins by cells of the kidney tubules. | Pinocytosis |
| The absorption of amino acids or glucose by the cells of the small intestine. | Active Transport. |
| An isotonic solution has the ____ concentration of dissolved material as does a cell. | Same |
| A __________ solution has a higher concentration of dissolved material than does a cell. | Hypertonic |
| A __________ solution has a lower concentration of dissolved materials than does a cell. | Hypotonic |
| Blood pressure in capillaries forces plasma out to become tissue fluid. | Filtration |
| The engulfing of bacteria by white blood cells. | Phhagocytosis |
| The intake of glucose by cells of the body. | Facilitated Diffusion |
| The reabsorption of small proteins by cells of the kidney tubules. | Pinocytosis |
| The absorption of amino acids or glucose by the cells of the small intestine. | Active Transport |
| An ________ solution has the same concentration of dissolved material as does a cell. | Isotonic |
| A __________ solution has a higher concentration of dissolved materials that does a cell. | Hypertonic |
| A _________ solution has a lower concentration of dissolved materials than does a cell. | Hypotonic |
| DNA makes up the ___________ of a cell, which are found in the nucleus. | Chromosomes |
| Human cells contain how many DNA structures? | 46 |
| A DNA molecule is made of ____ strands or nucleotides twisted into a spiral called a double helix. | Two |
| The complementary base pairing of DNA means that adenine is always paired with _______, and cytosine is always paired with _______. | Thymine, Guanine |
| A gene is a segment of DNA that is the genetic code for one _______. | Protein |
| A protein is made of the smaller molecules called __________. | Amino Acid |
| The DNA code for one amino acid consists of how many bases? | Three |
| One type of RNA copies the genetic code of a DNA gene; this type is called _________ RNA, which can be abbreviated ____. | Messenger, mRNA |
| The bases found in mRNA are adenine, guanine, cytosine, and ______. | Uracil |
| Two identical cells are produced | Mitosis |
| One cell with the diploid number of chromosomes divides twice. | Meiosis. |
| The pairs of chromatide line up on the equator of the cell. | Metaphase |
| The centrioles organize the formation of the spindle fibers. | Prophase |
| The spindle fibers pull each set of chromosomes toward opposite poles of the cell. | Anaphase |
| Each set of the chromosomes uncoils, and nuclear membranes are re-formed. | Telophase. |
| An mRNA molecule is synthesized from the DNA in the nucleus of a cell, but then moves to the cytoplasm and becomes attached to which type of cell organelle? | Robosomes |
| A second type of RNA picks up amino acids in the cytoplasm of a cell; this type is called ________ RNA which can be abbreviated _____. | Transfer, tRNA |
| A tRNA has a triplet of bases called an anticodon, which matches the _____ on the mRNA, and ensures that the amino acid is positioned in its proper place in the protein. | Codon |
| Enzymes to form peptide bonds between amino acids are contained in the _________ to which the mRNA is attached. | Ribosomes |
| The organelles in which cell respiration takes place | Mitochondria |
| egg and sperm | Gametes |
| the usual number of chromosomes within a cell | Diploid |
| A membrane that permits only certain substances to pass through | Selectively Permeable |
| Half of the usual number of chromosomes | Haploid |
| Found between the cell membrane and the nucleus. | Cytoplasm |
| Made of phospholipids, cholesterol, and proteins. | Cell Membrane |
| The cell organelles most directly associated with cell division are the ________ | Centrioles |
| The hereditary material of cells is ___, which is found in the ___________ of the cell. | DNA, Chromosomes |
| Te cell organelle most directly associated with the production of cellular proteins is _________. | Ribosomes |
| The organic molecule in the cell membrane that form pores and receptor sites for hormones are what? | Proteins |
| What part of the cell regulates the activities of a cell by means of the genetic material it contains. | The nucleus |
| The function of the golgi apparatus of a cell is to synthesize what. | Carbohydrates |
| What human cells usually don not undergo mitosis in an adult? | Nerve and muscle cells. |
| The cell organelle most directly associated with the destruction of damaged cellular proteins in the what. | Centrosome |
| What is the function of the microvilli of a cell? | Provide motility for the cell |
| In the body, the process of diffusion is responsible for the movement of ______ and CO2. | Oxygen |
| A cell that has the potential to develop into several different kinds of cells is a ____ cell. | Stem |
| The cells lining the small intestine absorb glucose and amino acids by the process of what. | Active Transport. |
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