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digestive syste #1
dig system #1, anatomy final
| question | answer1 |
|---|---|
| defecation | materials expelled from our body |
| digestive system includes organs that | ingest, transport and digest bfood, absorb necesary nut into bloodstream, expel waste |
| two categories of organs in digestive tract | digestive organs, accessory digestive organs |
| digestive organs collectively make up the | gastrointestinal (GI) tract or alimentary canal |
| alimentary canal | gastrointestinal (GI) tract |
| GI tract organs include | oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stom, sm intest, large intest |
| accessory digestive organs | (outgrowth from GI tract) teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas |
| six main funct of digestive system | ingestion, digestion, propulsion, secretion, absorption, elimination |
| ingestion | introduct of solid and liquid nutrients into the oral cavity |
| digestion | breakd down of large food items into smaller strx and molecules |
| two types of digestion | mechanical dig and chemical digest |
| mechanical digestion | physically breaks down ingested materials |
| first part of mechanical digetstion | mastication (chewing of food btwn teeth) |
| chemical digest | breaks down ingested molecules into smaller molecules by using enzymes |
| propulsion | after materials are swallowed they move through the GI tract |
| two types of mvmnt involved inpropulsion | peristalsis and segmentation |
| peristalsis | precess of muscular contrx that forms ripples along part ofthe GI tract (toothpast out of tube) and cuases mat to move further along GI tract |
| segmentation | churning and mixing mvmnts in the sm intestine, help dispense the mat being digetsed and combine it with intestinal secretions |
| where does segmentation occur? | in small intestine |
| secretion | producing ahd releasing fluid products (acid, bile dig enzymes and mucin) |
| when fluid is secreted into the lumen of th GI tract they facilitate | chemical ditgestion and the passage of materials through the GI tract |
| absorption | passive mvmnt or active transport of electrolytes, digestion products, vit and water across te GI tract epithelium into the GI tract blood and lymphatic vessels |
| elimination | of wastes |
| final function of dig system | elimination |
| our bodies use most but not _____ components of what we eat | all |
| all undigestible materials as well as the waste products secreted by the accessory organs into the GI tract are compateed into? | feces then defecated |
| entrance to GI tract | mouth |
| initial state of mechanical digestion via _____ and chemical digestion, via _______ | mastication, enzyme in the saliva |
| oral cavity is bounded ant by the ____ and post by the _____ | teeth and lips, oropharynx |
| superior bondary of oral cavity if ofrmed by the _____ | hard and soft palates |
| the floor or inferior surface of the oral cavity contains the _________ | tongue and muscles cofvered with mucosa |
| two distinc regions of oral cavity? | vestibule (btwn cheeks/lips and gums) oral cavity proper (lies central to the alveolar processes of madible and maxillae |
| what hold solid material in place when chewing? | buccinators |
| cheeks terminate at the | lips or labia |
| the labia are composed of mostly the ____ muscle and are covered by a thin layer of ______ | obicularis oris, keratinized stratified epithelium |
| why are lips red? | bc of their abundant supply of superficial blood vessels and the reduced amount of keratin within their outer skin |
| bingivae | gums |
| gingivae are composed of | connective tissu, overlying stratified epithelium that covers alveolar processes |
| labial frenulum | attatches the lips to the gingivae (thin mucosal fold in midline) |
| forms the roof of the oral cavity | palate |
| what does the hard palate exhibit? | tranverse palatine folds or firiction ridges (assist tongue in manipulating food prior to swallowing) |
| soft palate is primarily composed of | skeletal muscle |
| uvula | extends from the soft palate |
| when you swallow whwat happends to the soft palate | the soft palate and uvula elevate to close off post entrance to teh nasopharynx (don't go up nose) |
| early line of defense that monitor ingested food and drink for antigens | palatine tonsils (located toward post lateral portion of the oral cavity) |
| tongue is formed by ____ muscle | skeletal |
| function of the tongue | moves food around, participant in sound, swallowing functions |
| bolus | partially digested material, tonge turns ingested food into this |
| lingual frenulum | where tongue attchs to floor of oral cavity ( thin vertical mucous membrane |
| what can squirt when you yawn? | submnadibular ducts |
| salivary glands secrete ___ | saliva (keep mouth moist) |
| amount of saliva secreted daily | 1.0 to 1.5 liters |
| functions of saliva | moistens food (semisolid bolus), moisten clean oral cavity strx, amylase, lysozyme, food molecules are dissolved |
| amylase | begins chemical digestion by breaking down starch |
| lysozyme | helps inhibit bacterial growht in mouth |
| three multicellular salivary glands | parotid salivvvary glands, subnmandibulare sg, sublingual sg |
| largest sg | parotid sg |
| this gland becomes infected and swollen with mumps | parotid gland (ant, inf to ear partially overlapping masseter) |
| parotid duct | carries saliva to the oral cavity, travels parallel to zygomatic arch, opens into the vestibule of the oral cavity near second upper molar |
| where does the parotid duct empty? | vestibule of oral cavity near 2nd upper molar |
| sumandibular salivary glands | inferior to body of mandible |
| submandibular duct opens from? | each gland in the floor of the mouth ont he lateral sides of th elingual frenulum (gleeking) |
| sublingual sg | inferior to eh tongue, internal to the oral cavity mucosa, |
| where doe the sublingual duct open onto? | the inferior surfaceo fht oral cavity |
| salivary gancds aren innervated by? | parasympathetic division of autonommic ns |
| facial nerve (7) innervates | submandibular and sublingual glands |
| glosspopharyngeal nerve (9) | innervates the parotid glands |
| when a persons mouth waters the ____ innervationis stimulating that. when a persons mouth gets dry from being frightened ____ stimulation occurs | parasympathetic, sympathetic |
| dentition | teeth |
| anatomy of teeth | crown, neck, roots |
| roots of teeth fit neatly into? | dental alveoli (sockets) |
| gomphosis joint | roots, dental alveoli and periodontal ligament |
| two types of sets of teeth | deciduous teeth/milk teeth, permanent teeth |
| milk teeth | erup btwn 6 month and 30 month after birth |
| deciduous teeth are replaced by ____ number of permanent teeth | 32 |
| last teeth to erupt | wisdom teeth (3rd molars) in 20's |
| names of permanent teeth | incisors (slicing cutting food), canines (pointed tip for puncturing and tearing),bicuspiids/premolars (crush and grind), molars(grinding crushing) |
| shaped like a chisel with a single root | incisors |
| eye teeth | canines |
| contain cusps | bicuspids/premolars, crush and grind |
| three or more roots | molars |
| one or two roots | premolars |
| each quadrant of mouth contains? | 2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 premolars, 3 molars |
| common space used by both respiratory and digestive systems | pharynx |
| thre skeletal muscle pairs from wall of pharynx | superior, middle and inferior pharyngeal constrictors |
| sequential contrx of pharyngeal constricotrs decreases the | diameter of pharynx, beginning at superior end, moving toware inferior end (force material into esohp) |
| what closes over laryngeal opening to prevend food from enterring thelarynx and trachea? | epiglottis |
| ___ nerve innervate most of the pharyngeal muscles | vagus nerves (10) |
| the abdominopelvic cavity is lined with moist serous membranes, the portion ofht eserous membrane tha tlines the inside surface of the body wall is called? | parietal peritoneum |
| portion of serous membrane tha treflect snad covers th esurface of the internal organs is called the | visceral peritoneum |
| space btwn visceral and parietal peritoneum | peritoneal cavity, where the facin peritaoneal layes secretae and lubricating serous fluid |
| intraperitoneal organs arne completely surrounded by | visceral peritoneum |
| name the intraperitoneal organs | stomach, jejunum and ileum of sm int, cecum, appdx, most of lrg intest. |
| abdomina organs that lie behind the parietal peritoneum are? | retroperitoneal organs |
| retroperitoneal organs are? | duodenum, panc, kidn, ascendin and descending colon and rectum |
| mesentaries | double-layered folds of peritoneum that suppor tad stabilize the intraperitoneal GI tract organs |
| what are sandwiched between the mesenteric folds? | bv, nerves, lymphatic vessels. |
| types of mesenteries | greater omentum, lesse omentum, mesentery proper, mesocolon, peritoneal ligament, falciform ligamnet |
| greater omentum | extends like an apron from teh greater curvature of the stomach and covers most of the abdominal organs |
| lesser omentum | connects hte leseser curv of stom and proximal end of duodenum to the liver |
| mesentary proper, | fan-shpaed fold of peritoneum, suspends fmost of the sm intest from teh internal surface of the post abdominal wall |
| mesocolon | fold in peritoneium taht attch parts of large int to the internal surface ofhte post abdominal wall |
| peritoneal ligament | attchs one organ to another organ, or attaches an organ to tha naterior or lateral abdominal wall |
| falciform ligament | atch the liver to the ant int abdom wall |
Created by:
kimberlywar