Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
CH 10 Nervous System
Nervous System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| thinking, personality, sensations, movements, memory | cerebrum |
| relay station, "triage center," for the sensory impulses; control of awareness and consciousness | thalamus |
| body temperature, sleep appetite, emotions, control of the pituitary gland | hypothalamus |
| coordination of voluntary movements and balance | cerebellum |
| connection of nerves (to the eyes and face) | pons |
| nerve fibers cross over, left to right and right to left; contains centers to regulate heart, blood vessels, and respiratory system | medulla oblongata |
| neurotransmitter chemical released at the ends of nerve cells | acetylcholine |
| carries messages toward the brain and spinal cord | afferent nerve |
| middle layer of the three membranes (meninges) that surround the brain and spinal cord | arachnoid membrane |
| type of glial (neuroglial) cell that transports water and salts from capillaries | astrocyte |
| nerves that control involuntary body functions of muscles, glands, and internal organs | autonomic nervous system |
| microscopic fiber that carries the nervous impulse along a nerve cell | axon |
| blood vessels (capillaries) that selectively let certain substances enter the brain tissue and keep other substances out | blood-brain barrier |
| lower portion of the brain that connects the cerebrum with the spinal cord; includes the pons and medulla oblongata | brainstem |
| collection of spinal nerves below the end of the spinal cord | cauda equina |
| part of a nerve cell that contains the nucleaus | cell body |
| posterior part of the brain that coordinates muscle movements and maintains balance | cerebellum |
| outer region of the cerebrum, containing sheets of nerve cells; gray matter of the brain | cerebral cortex |
| circulates throughout the brain and spinal cord | cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) |
| brain and the spinal cord | central nervous system (CNS) |
| largest part of the brain; responsible for voluntary muscular activity, vision, speech, taste, hearing, thought, and memory | cerebrum |
| twelve pairs of nerves that carry messages to and from the brain with regard to the head and neck (except the vagus nerve) | cranial nerves |
| microscopic branching fiber of a nerve cell that is the first part to receive the nervous impulse | dendrite |
| thick, outermost layer of the meninges surrounding and protecting the brain and spinal cord | dura mater |
| carries messages away from the brain and spinal cord; motor nerve | efferent nerve |
| glial cell that lines membranes withing the brain and spinal cord and helps form cerebrospinal fluid | ependymal cell |
| collection of nerve cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system | ganglion (plural: ganglia) |
| supportive and connective nerve cell that does not carry nervous impulses. Examples are astrocytes, microglial cells, ependymal cells, and oligodendrocytes | clial cell (neuroglial cell) |
| sheet of nerve cells that produces a rounded ridge on the surface of the cerebral cortex; convolution | gyrus (plural: gyri) |
| portion of the brain beneath the thalamus; controls sleep, appetite, body temp, and secretions from the pituitary gland | hypothalamus |
| part of the brain just above the spinal cord; controls breathing, heartbeat, and the size of blood vessels; nerve fibers cross over here | medulla oblongata |
| three protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord | meninges |
| phagocytic glial cell that removes waste products from the central nervous system | microglial cell |
| carries messages away from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and organs; efferent nerve | motor nerve |
| covering of white fatty tissue that surrounds and insulates the axon of a nerve cell. | myelin sheath |
| macroscopic cord like collection of fibers (axons and dendrites) that carry electrical impulses | nerve |
| nerve cell that carries impulses throughout the body | neuron |
| chemical messenger released at the end of a nerve cell. It stimulates or inhibits another cell, which can be a nerve cell, muscle cell or gland cell. | neurotransmitter |
| glial cell that forms the myelin sheath covering axons | oligodendroglial cell |
| involuntary, autonomic nerves that regulate normal body functions such as heart rate, breathing and muscles of the gastrointestinal tract | parasypathetic nerves |
| essential, distinguishing tissue of any organ or system | parenchyma |
| nerves outside the brain and spinal cord; cranial, spinal and autonomic nerves | peripheral nervous system |
| thin, delicate inner membrane of the meninges | pia mater |
| large, interlacing network of nerves. | plexus, plural: plexuses |
| part of the brain anterior to the cerebellum and between the medulla and the rest of the midbrain. Bridge connecting various parts of the brain | pons |
| organ that receives a nervous stimulus and passes it on to afferent nerves. The skin, ears, eyes and taste buds are examples. | receptor |
| nerve extending from the base of the spine down the thigh, lower leg, and foot | sciatic nerve |
| carries messages toward the brain and spinal cord from a receptor, afferent nerve | sensory nerve |
| thirty one pairs of nerves arising from the spinal cord | spinal nerves |
| agent of change (light, sound, touch) in the internal or external environment that evokes a response | stimulus (plural: stimuli) |
| connective and supporting tissue of an organ | stroma |
| depression or groove in the surface of the cerebral cortex, fissue | sulcus (plural: sulci) |
| autonomic nerves that influence bodily functions involuntarily in times of stress | sympathetic nerves |
| space through which a nervous impulse travels between nerve cells or between nerve and muscle or glandular cells | synapse |
| main relay center of the brain. It conducts impulses between the spinal cord and the cerebrum; incoming sensory messages are relayed through the thalamus to appropriate centers in the cerebrum. | thalamus |
| tenth cranial nerve; branches reach to the larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, aorta, esophagus, and stomach | vagus nerve |
| canals in the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid | ventricles of the brain |
| cerebell/o | cerebellum |
| cerebr/o | cerebellum |
| dur/o | dura mater |
| encephal/o | brain |
| gli/o | glial cells |
| lept/o | thin, slender |
| mening/o, meningi/o | membranes, meninges |
| my/o | muscle |
| mye/o | spinal cord |
| neur/o | nerve |
| pont/o | pons |
| radicul/o | nerve root (of spinal nerves) |
| thalam/o | thalamus |
| thec/o | sheath (refers to the meninges) |
| vag/o | vagus nerve (10th cranial nerve) |
| alges/o, -algesia | excessive sensitivity to pain |
| -algia | pain |
| caus/o | burning |
| comat/o | deep sleep (coma) |
| esthesi/o, -esthesia | feeling, nervous sensation |
| kines/o, kinesi/o, -kinesia, -kinesis, -kinetic | movement |
| -lepsy | seisure |
| lex/o | word, phrase |
| -paresis | weakness |
| -phagia | speech |
| -plagia | paralysis |
| -praxia | action |
| -sthenia | strength |
| syncop/o | to cut off, cut short |
| tax/o | order, condition |
| abnormal accumulation of fluid in the brain | hydocephalus |
| congenital defects in the lumbar spinal column caused by imperfect union of vertebral parts | spina bifida |
| brain disorder marked by gradual and progressive mental deterioration, personality changes, and impairment of daily functioning | alzheimer disease (AD) |
| degenerative disorder of motor neurons in the spinal cord and brainstem | amyotrophic lateral sclerosis |
| chronic brain disorder characterized by recurrent seizure activity | epilepsy |
| hereditary disorder marked by degenerative changes in the cerebrum leading to abrupt involuntary movements and mental deterioration | Huntington Disease |
| destruction of myelin sheath on neurons in the CNS and its replacement by plaques and sclerotic (hard) tissue | multiple sclerosis (MS) |
| auto immune neuromuscular disorder characterized by weakness of voluntary muscles | myasthenia gravis (MG) |
| paralysis (partial or complete loss of motor function) | palsy |
| degeneration of neurons in the basal ganglia, occurring in later life and leading to tremors, weakness of muscles, and slowness of movement | Parkinson disease |
| involuntary, spasmodic, twitching movements; uncontrollable vocal sounds; and inappropriate words | tourette syndrome |
| viral infection affecting peripheral nerves | herpes zoster (shingles) |
| inflammation of the meninges, leptomeningitis | meningitis |
| brain disease and dementia occurring with AIDS | human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) encephalopathy |
| abnormal growth of brain tissue | brain tumor |
| temporary brain dysfunction (brief loss of consciousness) after injury, usually clearing within 24 hours | cerebral concussion |
| bruising of brain tissue as a result of direct trauma to the head; neurologic deficits persist longer than 24 hours | cerebral contusion |
| disruption in the normal blood supply to the brain; stroke | cerebrovascular accident (CVA) |
| blood clot in the arteries leading to the brain, resulting in occlusion (blocking) of the vessel | thrombotic |
| an embolus (a dislodged thrombus) travels to cerebral arteries and occludes a small vessel. | embolic |
| a blood vessel, such as the cerebral artery, breaks and bleeding occurs | hemorrhagic |
| weakened area in the vessel wall that balloons and may eventually burst | aneurysm |
| severe, recurring, unilateral, vascular headache | migraine |
Created by:
559392082