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Chapter 3 Gov Test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Federalism | A way of organizing a nation so that two or more levels of government have formal authority over the same land and people. |
| Unitary Governments | A way of organizing a nation so that all power resides in the central government. |
| Intergovernmental Relations | The workings of the federal system - the entire set of interactions among national, state, and local governments. |
| Supremacy Clause | Article VI of the Constitution, which makes laws when the national Government is acting within its constitutional limits. |
| Tenth Amendment | The constitutional amendment stating that "the powers not delegated to the US by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people." |
| McCulloch v. Maryland | An 1819 Supreme Court decision that established the supremacy of the national government over state governments. |
| Enumerated Powers | Powers of the federal government that are specifically addressed in the Constitution. |
| Implied Powers | Powers of the federal government that go beyond those enumerated in the constitution. |
| Elastic Clause | The final paragraph of Article I, Section 8, of the Constitution, which authorizes Congress to pass all laws necessary and proper to carry out the enumerated powers |
| Gibbons v. Ogden | A landmark case decided in 1824 in which the Supreme Court interpreted very broadly the clause in Article I, Sec. 8, of the Constitution giving Congress the power to regulate interstate commerce, encompassing every form of commercial activity. |
| Full faith and credit | A clause in Article Iv, Sec. 1, of the Constitution requiring each state to recognize the official documents and civil judgments rendered by the courts of other states |
| Extradition | A legal process whereby an alleged criminal offender is surrendered by the officials of one state to officials of the state in which the crime is alleged to have been committed |
| Privileges and immunities | A clause in Article IV, Sec 2, of the Con. according citizens of each state most of the privileges of citizens of other states. |
| Dual Federalism | A system of government in which both the states and the national government remain supreme within their own spheres, each responsible for some policies. |
| Cooperative Federlism | A system of government in which powers and policy assignments are shared between states and the national government. They may also share costs, administration, and even blame for programs that work poorly |
| Devolution | Transferring responsibility for policies from the federal government to state and local governments |
| Fiscal Federalism | The pattern of spending, taxing, and providing grants in the federal system; it is the cornerstone of the national government's relations with state and local governments |
| Categorical Grants | Federal grants that can be used only for specific purposes, or categories of state and local spending. |
| Project Grants | Federal grants given for specific purposes and awarded on the basis of the merits of applications |
| Formula Grants | Federal categorical grants distributed according to a formula specified in legislation or in administrative regulations |
| Block Grants | Federal grants given more or less automatically to states or communities to support broad programs in areas such as community development and social services. |
| How common is a federal governmental structure around the world? | Fewer than 1 in 10 nations have them |
| Three parts of the supreme law of the land according to the Supremacy Clause: | The Constitution, Laws of the national government, and treaties |
| True/False: Executive Orders are a part of the supreme law of the land | False |
| The Eleventh Amendment protects states from: | Individual damage suits against state officials; Being sued against their consent by private parties in federal/state courts and before federal administrative agencies |
| Devolution refers to the transfer of responsibility for policies... | From the national to the state/local level |
| At what level of Government in the US Federal System would the decision of making Puerto Rico the 51st state need to be made? | In Congress, with the state legislatures' approval |
| Full faith and credit clause is designed to ensure the principled of.... between states: | Reciprocity |
| According to the regulation of privileges and immunities between states, a tourist from Michigan buying a product in California would pay which tax? | The California sales tax |
| Three examples of cooperative federalism: | No Child Left Behind, The National Defense Education Act, The Elementary and Secondary Education Act |
| True/False: The US Postal Service Act is an example of cooperative federalism. | False |
| If the federal government tells a state that in order to receive federal funds to fight drug abuse the state has to agree to restrict access of teenagers to cigarettes, this is an example of: | Crossover sanctions |
| Crossover Sanctions | Strings that are attached to a grant |
| True/False: Federalism is a governmental system in which three or more levels of government (local, state, federal) have formal authority over the same area and people. | False |
| True/False: In the US, the national government has the power to pass laws that directly regulate drinking ages, marriage and divorce, or speed limits. | False |
| True/False: It is possible to force states to extradite a criminal to the state in which the crime was committed. | False |
| True/False: Over the past generation, the percentage of federal grants devoted to education and training programs has decreased in favor of grants devoted to health care. | True |
| Explain briefly the complex relationship between the 3 levels of government: | All three levels have separate responsibilities, but they also work together |
| The four key events that have largely settled the issue of how national and state powers are related | The elaboration of the doctrine of implied powers; the definition of the commerce clause; the Civil War; the long stuggle for racial equality |
| Commerce Clause | To regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian Tribes |
| Civil War was a war fought over... | Slavery and also between the national government and the state governments, whom fought for sovereignty |
| Difference between dual and cooperative federalism: | In dual federalism, both the national and state governments remain supreme within their own sphere. In cooperative federalism, the states and national government share powers and policy assignments. |
| Translation of the 10th Amendment: | The national government only has powers that the Constitution assigned to it. Anything else not mentioned is reserved to the states. |
| Pros of decentralized politics and policies: | Works well when the people involved know what they're doing; the free flow of ideas between the people actually involved and affected by the issue is allowed as well |
| Cons of decentralized politics and policies: | Clear direction is needed sometimes by a hierarchy and the people may not know what they need to do |
| Two factors that may lead to the shift from dual to cooperative federalism in the US: | The education system and highway construction |
| How is devolution related to the concept of balance of power? | Devolution is transferring responsibility for policies from the federal government to state and local government, and balance of government is between these three levels. So the two terms are the definition of each other |
| Power of central government in a Federal system: | Shares powers with the states |
| Power of central government in a Confederate system: | Limited powers to coordinate state activities |
| Power of state government in a Confederate system: | Sovereign, and allocate some duties to central government |
| Power of state government in a Federal system: | Share power with central government |
| Power of citizens in a Confederate system: | Vote for state government officials |
| Power of citizens in a Federal system: | Vote for both state and central government officials |
Created by:
mcculin14