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BIOS 102 Cell Resp
Cellular Respiration
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| When a molecule of NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) gains a hydrogen atom (not a proton), the molecule becomes: | Reduced |
| In what order are food molecules extracted? How does the energy transfer take place? | Glycolosis --> Glucose, 6C, is modified (reduced) to a 3 carbon sugar called pyruvate via NADH occuring in the cytosol, goes through citric acid cycle, much reducing power is gathered from NADH & FADH2 to move to electon transport chemiosmosis |
| Where does glycolysis occur? | In the cytosol. |
| How many molecules of pyruvate are generated from glucose? | 2 molecules of pyruvate |
| What pathways generate reduced electron carriers? | Glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and pyruvate oxidation. |
| What is a kinase? | A molecule that transfers phosphate to and from ATP |
| In the Krebs cycle the energetic production per glucose molecule is________ | 2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2 |
| Most of the ATP produced in cellular respiration comes from? | Chemiosmosis |
| What best describes the electron transport chain? | Electrons passing from one carrier to another, releasing a little energy at each step |
| An electron carrier acts as an energy storage molecule when it is? | Reduced |
| What are the net inputs of glycolysis? | Glucose, NAD+, and ADP |
| What are the net outputs of glycolysis? | Pyruvate, NADH, and ATP |
| The immediate energy source that drives ATP synthesis by ATP synthase during oxidative phosphorylation is the: | H+ concentration across the membrane holding ATP synthase |
| Which metabolic pathway is common to both fermentation and cellular respiration of a glucose molecule? | Glycolysis |
| In mitochondria, exergonic redox reactions | Provide the energy that establish the proton gradient |
| The final electron acceptor of the electron transport chain that functions in aerobic oxidative phosphorylation is | Oxygen |
| What is the oxidizing agent in the following reaction? Pyruvate + NADH + H+ S Lactate + NAD+ | Pyruvate |
| When electrons flow along the electron transport chains of mitochondria, which of the following changes occurs? | The pH of the matrix increases |
| Most CO2 from catabolism is released during | The citric acid cycle |
| Starting with one molecule of glucose, the net products of glycolysis are | 2 NADH, 2 H+ ions, 2 Pyruvate, 2 ATP, 2 Water |
| What are steps 1-3 in Krebs cycle? | 1. 2C Acetyl group added to 4C oxaloacetate 2. Citrate converted to new form by removing a carbon 3. Redox - Isocitrate is oxidized, NAD+ reduced, CO2 released |
| Steps 4-8? | 4. 2nd Redox - CO2 released, substrate oxidized, NAD+ reduced, CoA gp coupled 5. 3rd Redox - CoA replaced by Pi 6. Succinate oxidized, FAD reduced to FADH2 7. H2O 8. Redox - Malate oxidized, NAD reduced |
| What compounds are oxidized and reduced in the citric acid cycle? | Isocitric is oxidized, NAD+ is reduced |
| WHat is the energy yield of Krebs? | 1 ATP 3 NADH 1 FADH2 2X for each glucose |
| What reactions in glycolysis are exergonic? | Production of NADH and ATP |
| During glycolysis when each molecule of glucose is cataboized to two moleucles of pyruvate most of the potential energy contained in glucose is transferred to | It is retained in two pyruvates |
| Why is glycolysis described as having an investment phase and payoff phase? | It uses stored ATP and then forms a net increase in ATP |
| Starting with one molecule of isocitrate and ending with fumarate, what is the maximum number of ATP molecules that could be made through substrate-level phosphorylation? | 1 |
| During aerobic respiration, electrons travel downhill in which sequence? | Food-> NADH-> Electron transport Chain -> Oxygen |
| Rotenone inhibits complex 1. When complex 1 is completely inhibited,cells will | Consume less oxygen but still make some ATP through glycolysis and respiration |
| Somedrugs known as uncouplers facilitate diffusion of protons across the mitochondiral inner membrane. When such a drug is added, what will happen to ATP synthesis and oxygen consumption? | ATP synthesis will decrease, oxygen consumption will increase |
| Uncouplers make holes and allow H+ to pass, basically no electronegative gradient | |
| Brown fat color has abundant blood and mitochondria. Brown fat cells have a protein that uncouples that proton-motive force across the mitochondrial membranes by creating a proton channel. WHat might be the function of the brown fat tissue? | to regulate temperateue |
| If your muscle cells used alcohol fermentation instead of lactic acid fermentation, which of the following might ovvur? | You'd become drunk while running |
| Even though plants carry on photosynthesis to make ATP, plant cells still use their mitochondria for oxidation of pyruvate. When and where will this occur? | In all cells all the time |
| During intense exercise, as muscles go into anaerobiosis, the body will increase its consumption of fats, proteins, carbs, or all of the above? | Carbohydrates |
| An animal with low energy has mitochondria that can use only fatty acids and amino acids for respiration. His cells produce more lactate than normal. Which i the best explanation of his condition? | Can't use oxygen |
| You have a friend who lost 15 pounds of fat on a regimen of strict diet and exercise. How did the fat leave her body? | It was released as CO2 and H2O |
| What fraction of the carbon dioixde exhaled by animals is generated by the reactions of the citric acid cucle if glucose is the sole source of energy? | 2/3 |
| If pyruvate oxidation is blocked, what will happen to the levels of oxaloacetate and citric acid in the citric acid cycle shown. | Both oxaloacetate and citric acid will decrease |
| Which of the following most accurately describes what is happening along the electron transport chain? | Each electron carrier alternates between being reduced and being oxidized |
Created by:
Mware1219