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12 Lymphatic System
Chapter 12 Lymphatic System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Active Immunity | occurs when B-cells are exposed to antigens and make antibodies against them |
| Naturally Acquired (active) | when we get viral/bacterial infections |
| Artificially Acquired (active) | when we get vaccines |
| Passive Immunity | antibodies come from serum of an immune human/animal donor |
| Natural Occurance (passive) | antibodies passed to fetus from mother across placenta ot to newborn via mother's colostrum. Baby is immune to whatever mom is immune to for several months |
| Artificial Occurance (passive) | when we are given Gamma Globulins/antitoxins - give protection for 2-3 weeks |
| Monoclonal Antibodies | grown in lab from one cell. Used in research to reat cancer and for early diagnosis. |
| Autografts | tissue grafts transplanted from one site to another |
| Isografts | tissue grafts donated by a genetically identical twin |
| Allografts | tissue grafts taken from an unrelated person |
| Xenografts | tissue grafts harvested from a different animal species (baboon heart to human) |
| IgD | virtually always attached to B cell |
| IgD | Believed to be cell surface receptor of immunocompetent B cell; important in activation of B cell. |
| IgM | Attached to B cell; free in plasma |
| IgM | when bound to B cell membrane, serves as antigen receptor; first Ig releasedto plasma by plasma cells during primary response; potent agglutinating agent; fixes complement |
| IgG | most abundant antibody in plasma, represents 75-85% of circulating antibodies |
| IgG | Main antibody of both primary and secondary responses; crosses placenta and provides passive immunity to fetus; fixes complement |
| IgA | Some (monomer) in plasma; dimer in secretions such as saliva, tears, intestinal juice and milk |
| IgA | Bathes and protects mucosal surfaces from attachment of pathogens |
| IgE | Secreted by plasma cells in skin, mucosae of gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts and tonsils |
| IgE | Binds to mast cells and basophils, and triggers release of histamine and other chemicals that mediate inflammation and certain allergic responses |
| Humeral Immunity | provided by antibodies present in the body's fluids |
| Cellular Immunity | protection by lymphocytes. Acts directly-attack foreign cell, of Indirectly-secrete chemicals that enhance inflammatory response or activate other cells. |
| Antigen | can provoke an immune response; any substance that can turn on our immune system and cause an immune response |
| Self Antigen | proteins found on the surface of cells in our own body (body recognizes) |
| Hapten | small molecules that bind with our self antigens to make the immune system thing they are foreign (how allergies occur) |
| Antibodies | aka: Immunoglobulins, secreted by activated B-lymphocytes or plasma cell clone |
| Compliment fixation | plasma proteins attach to antibodies that have attached to foreign cells. Act as a "flag" to cue plasme proteins to fixate on particular foreign cell. |
| Neutralization | antibodies prevent the harmful effects of foreign invaders by attaching to bacterial toxins or viruses that can injure the body |
| Antigen-Antibody Complexes | antibodies bind to more that one antigen at a time creating a latticework that clumps foreign cells together |
| Agglutination | the foreign cells clump together in a sticky mass because of antigen-antibody complexes. this limits mobility of the invaders and makes them easier targets for macrophages. |
| Precipitation | antigen-antibody complexes attacking the soluble antigen molecules causes the clumps to become so large that they settle out of solution. |
| Cytotoxic Killer T-cells | kill virus-infected, cancer or foreign graft cells (abnormal, non-self tissue cells) |
| Helper T-cells | regulatory "managers" of the immune system - recruit other cells to fight invading organisms rather than engaging themselves |
| Suppressor T-cells | release chemicals that inhibit the activity of T-cells and B-cells (help prevent over-active immune responses) |
| Memory T-cells | T-cells programmed to respond to a particular antigen that live after infection is over |
| Immunosuppressive Therapy | Medical treatment to prevent rejection of a transplanted organ/tissue. |
| Plasma cell | Antibody-producing "machine" produces huge numbers of the same antibody (immunoglobulin) |
| Macrophage | Engulfs and digests antigens that it encounters and presents parts of them on its plasma membrane for recognition by T-cells bearing receptors for the same antigen. |
Created by:
arhoades