What does a salivagram check?

if patient is swallowing saliva

What is the lateral sulci?

the spaces between the mandible and cheeks

What is the anterior sulci?

the spaces between the mandible and the lip muscles

The pharyngeal walls consist of three muscles named _________.

superior medial inferior pharyngeal constrictors

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Dysphagia - Class 1

Dysphagia Midterm Exam

Question	Answer
Breathing and _____ are the most important survival functions.	eating
____ is an automatic process needing no active effort.	breathing
Eating is a complex process involving ______, swallowing, and digestion.	ingestion
What is FTT?	failure to thrive
_____ development may result from FTT.	delayed
Malnutrition and ______ health are signs of eating problems.	reduced
Adequate breathing and meeting nutritional needs are of _________ when treating.	highest priority
We must make use of ______ breathing during treatment.	adequate
Meeting ______ needs is important during treatment, but it must not impact other aspects of client's overall health.	nutritional
Drinking or eating something that is ____ viscosity is easier to swallow.	low
Technological advances have _______ numbers of premature births.	increased
____ birth weight is affected by premature birth.	low
Mental retardation may result from ________ birth.	premature
Cerebral _______ may result from premature birth.	palsy
Chronic ______ problems may result from premature birth.	pulmonary
An intact ___ mechanism must be considered when treating a patient.	oral
An understanding of ______ integration is important in treating the patient who is a picky eater.	sensory
Muscle ____ may affect the motor system and airways.	tone
Weakness of muscles due to stroke is a neurologic factor that may cause risks for ______.	aspiration
What is deglutition?	the act of swallowing
Deglutition is a ______ motor action.	semiautomatic
Deglutition involves the muscles of respiration and ______ tracts.	gastrointestinal
The muscles of the gastrointestinal tract propel food from the ______ cavity to the stomach.	oral
Deglutition removes secretions from the oral _____ respiratory tract.	upper
______ protects the lower respiratory tract from foreign substances.	deglutition
Gathering and preparation of food intake is part of what?	feeding
Feeding involves sucking, chewing, and ________.	swallowing
_____ is difficulty moving food from the mouth to the stomach.	dysphagia
Pain during swallowing is known as _____.	odynophagia
______ is the process by which nutrients are obtained for life, growth and development.	nutrition
_____ may cause a decrease in swallowing.	drooling
Swallowing problems may result from _____ abnormalities.	congenital
Structural damage may cause _____ problems.	swallowing
Acute ___ may cause swallowing problems.	CVA
Tumors and ______ disorders may result in swallowing problems.	progressive disorders
What does a salivagram check?	if patient is swallowing saliva
What is the UAT?	upper aerodigestive tract
The UAT consists of the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, ______, and esophagus.	trachea
The lower airway tract consists of the lungs and the lower ______ tract.	digestive
The lower digestive tract consists of the _____ and small / large intestines.	stomach
What is the lateral sulci?	the spaces between the mandible and cheeks
What is the anterior sulci?	the spaces between the mandible and the lip muscles
The nasopharynx, oropharynx, hypopharynx all make up the ______.	pharynx
In adulthood, there is a ___ degree angle between nasopharynx and oropharynx.	90
The pharyngeal walls consist of three muscles named _________.	superior medial inferior pharyngeal constrictors
Patients with right hemispherical damage may not be aware of certain cognitive affects due to ____.	neglect
Patients with neurological problems may not realize food accumulation in the _____.	sulci
The _____ is located at the base of the skull.	nasopharynx
Enlarged ______ obstruct nasal airflow.	adenoids
The pharyngeal aspect of the soft palate is the superior boundary for the ______.	oropharynx
The oropharynx has its inferior boundary at the base of the _____ at the level of the hyoid bone.	tongue
What is the PPW?	posterior pharyngeal wall
What are valleculae?	wedge shaped space between base of tongue and epiglottis.
Body of the ____ bone attaches to the base of the tongue.	hyoid
In the first four years of life, the base of the tongue and ___ descend inferiorly.	larynx
At age 4, the base of the tongue forms part of the ____ wall of the oropharynx	anterior
The lateral and posterior walls of the oropharynx are formed by the middle and part of the ____ pharyngeal constrictor muscles.	inferior
What is stasis?	residue
Where does food tend to pocket	in the sulci
In a child, the various parts of the ____ tend to approximate, shielding food from aspiration.	pharynx
The ______ increases in size during the first year of life.	nasopharynx
The ____ is an extension to the oral cavity.	oropharynx
There are two wedge-shaped _____ between the base of the tongue and the epiglottis.	valleculae
The _____ is located from the tip of the epiglottis at the level of the hyoid bone, to the crycopharyngeus muscle.	hypopharynx
The hypopharynx ends at above the ____.	larynx
What is the UES?	upper esophageal sphincter
What is another name for the UES?	cricopharyngeus muscle
What does the UES do?	sphincter entrance of the esophagus
Fibers of the inferior constrictor of the _____ attach to the sides of the thryoid cartilage anteriorly.	hypopharynx
Fibers from the hypopharynx form a space, known as ______.	pyriform synuses
____ may occur in the pyriform synuses as it is very close to the larynx, resulting from a cricopharyngeus disorder.	stasis
The larynx consists of cartilages, muscles and ____.	ligaments
The cartilages found in the larynx include thyroid, cricoid, arytenoids, cuneiform, corniculate and ____.	epiglottis
______ muscles form vocal folds.	intrinsic
Thyrohyoid and thyro____ ligaments aid in laryngeal suspension and stability.	cricoid
The three functions of the larynx are protective, respitory, and _____.	phonatory
The _____ folds contain the most superior division of thyroarytenoid muscle.	aryepiglottic
The aryepiglottic folds _____ to cover the superior inlet of the the larynx.	approximate
The closure of the upper airway is marked by _____ recurrent laryngeal nerve stimulation.	bilateral
During closure of the upper airway, at the highest level, the anterior gap is occupied by a descending ___.	epiglottis
During closure of the upper airway, the posterior gap is filled by _____.	arytenoid cartilages
The _____ form the roof of the laryngeal ventricles.	false vocal folds
The laryngeal ventricles provide a _____ level of protection.	second
Thyroarytenoid mucles help in ____ of the false vocal folds.	adduction
The ___ vocal folds attach posteriorly to the vocal processes of the arytenoid cartilages.	true
During swallowing and phonation, the muscular pull on the _____ cartilages controls movement of the true vocal folds.	arytenoid
A muscular tube lined with mucosa is known as ____.	esophagus
The esophagus propels food from the hypopharynx into the __.	stomach
The UES forms a junction between the hypopharynx and the ____.	esophagus
The mucosa above the muscle of the esophagus is thin, making it sensitive to injury or __.	perforation
Lower esophageal sphincter is also known as ____.	gastroesophageal junction.
The LES is a junction between the esophagus and the ___.	stomach
The tracheosophageal groove houses recurrent laryngeal ____ which are located on either side of the esophagus.	nerves
Newborns are ____ breathers.	nasal
For infants, the ____ fills the mouth.	tongue
For adults, the tongue rests ____.	anteriorly
For _____, the tongue can only move front and back.	infants
What are sucking pads?	masses of fatty tissue
What do sucking pads do?	stabilize the cheeks
Approximately how long do sucking pads last?	4-6 months
Infants have a smaller ____, making the tongue appear oversized for the space.	mandible
The ____ is suspended higher in the neck of an infant than in the adult.	larynx
After __ months of life, the infant begins to breathe through the nose and mouth.	4
Infants may experience nasopharyngeal reflux due to ___ weakness.	velar
VPI causes food to accumulate in the ___ area.	nasal
By the third week, the CNS and ______ system begin to form.	cardiovascular
From the fourth to ____ week, major organs and systems are formed.	eighth
Mother will feel fetal movements at about seventeen to ___ weeks.	twenty
Patients without an _____ can still swallow.	epiglottis
At 21-25 weeks, the ____ system is immature, and unable to sustain life independently.	respiratory
Fetuses ___ weeks and older usually survive.	34
Protection from aspiration is primarily found in the movement of the ____ up and forward.	thyroid
The ____ swallow is one of the first motor responses in the pharynx.	pharyngeal
A ____ response may be elicited from a pharyngeal swallow.	suckling
True suckling occurs from 18 - ___ weeks.	24
Suckling is the earliest ___ phase.	intake
In suckling, the tongue protrusion doesn't go beyond the _____ border.	lip
___ buds form at seven weeks gestation.	taste
The embryo has a little or no barrier between the blood and ___.	brain
Alcohol and smoking may cause chemicals to enter the child's brain, resulting in low birth weight and ____.	prematurity
Embriologic abnormalities occur in the _____ of three of one thousand births.	central nervous system
Embriologic abnormalities of the central nervous system are caused by a combination of ____ and environmental factors.	genetic
Most of the defects causing embriologic abnormalities occur in the ____ tube.	neural
Spina bifida causes ________, or absence of a major part of the brain.	anencephaly
______ is a congenital malformation of the ventricular system of the brain.	hydrocephalus
Cerebral palsy is a common condition resulting from ______ impairment.	neurobiological
Large tongue is also known as ____ syndrome.	beckwith-wiedesmann
What is ankyloglossia?	short lingual frenum
Ankyloglossia interferes with tongue protrusion and ____.	elevation
An abnormal communication between the trachea and esophagus may occur during the fourth week of development. This is known as a ____.	tracheosophageal fistula
A congenital abnormality of the diaphragm resulting in severe respiratory distrass and GERD is due to the forming of a ___.	hernia
What is GERD?	gastroesophageal reflux disease
When the airway collapses to a slitlike opening, resulting in air turbulence, producing stridor. This is known as ____.	tracheomalacia
Softening of the walls of the trachea and difficulty coordinating suck-swallow-breath triad is known as tracheomalacia or ___.	laryngomalacia
Esophageal atresia occurs with _____	tracheoesophageal fistula
TEF is a failure that occurs during the ___ week.	eighth
Esophageal ____ is a congenital narrowing in the distal third of the esophagus.	stenosis
In stomach abnormalities, a ____ pyloric stenosis is the most common malformation.	hypertrophic
Narrowing of the pyloric canal results in an obstruction of food passage known as ____.	pylorus
In cardiac malformations, ____ may occur.	cyanosis
____ indicated severe cardiac condition in which lack of breathing occurs.	anoxia
The four stages of swallowing are oral prepatory, oral, pharyngeal, and ______.	esophageal
The oral preparatory stage is ______.	voluntary
The manipulation of food to form bolus and masticated is in the ______ stage.	oral preparatory
The length of time food stays in mouth during the oral preparatory stage depends on its _____.	texture
___ closure is needed during the oral preparatory stage.	lip
During the oral preparatory stage, the airway is open until _____ is triggered.	swallow
What does NPO mean?	nothing by mouth
The _____ stage ends with production of swallow.	oral
The initiation of swallow during the oral stage is not ____ because it is voluntary.	reflexive
The oral phase involves elevation of the tongue by ______ directed movement.	posteriorly
To propel bolus into the pharynx during the oral phase, contact between the ______ and soft palate must occur.	hard
The soft palate must elevate against the _____ when bolus enters pharynx during the oral phase.	PPW
During the oral phase, the _____ is sealed to prevent nasopharyngeal reflux.	nasopharynx
____ phase lasts less than one second.	oral
The swallow is initiated at the level of ______ faucial arches.	anterior
To trigger pharyngeal swallow, the must be propelled posteriorly.	bolus
In triggering pharyngeal swallow, the ____ receptors are stimulated.	sensory
Information is sent to the cortex and brainstem (medulla) to trigger ____ swallow.	pharyngeal
During the pharyngeal swallow, a ___ pattern is initiated.	motor
What can contribute to a delayed swallow?	sensory problems
The oral stage terminates when the bolus ___ passes the anterior faucial arches.	head
The pharyngeal swallow triggers as the bolus head passes the point where the tongue base crosses the lower rime of the ______.	mandible
In infants, the swallow is triggered when food reaches the ______.	valleculae
_____ may occur before, during, and after a swallow.	aspiration
Aspiration may occur after a swallow due to _______ in the pyriform or valleculae.	stasis
Pharyngeal swallow is not completely reflexive as both ____ and reflexive components are involved.	voluntary
The ____ base retracts and the PPW contracts when bolus tail reaches tongue base level.	tongue
The tongue base and PPW make complete ____ during the swallow, creating appropriate pressure to move bolus downward.	complete
The pharyngeal phase begins with the production of a ____ and elevation of the soft palate.	swallow
_____ contraction of pharyngeal constrictors to propel bolus through the pharynx.	peristaltic
The ____ closes to protect the airway during the pharyngeal phase.	larynx
The larynx moves up and ___, helping to widen space for food to pass down.	forward
There is a complete, automatic closure of the _____ during swallowing.	glottis
Epiglottis is not essential for aspiration ____.	prevention
Epiglottis brought down over the glottis during swallowing and sends bolus to the ____.	UES
The production of a protective ____ reflex occurs as part of the larynx protection.	cough
The protective cough occurring for laryngeal protection is triggered by the ____ nerve.	vagus
A weak protective cough during for laryngeal protection may cause trouble for those who have problems with the ____ protection system.	primary
____ approximation of arytenoid cartilages causes adduction of the true vocal folds.	horizontal
_____ approximation of arytenoids to base of epiglottis during pharyngeal closure.	vertical
Elevated ___ is maintains the pressure necessary to protect the pharynx from reflux.	cricopharyngeal sphincter
General sensation of the anterior 2/3 of tongue, the soft palate, nasopharynx, and mouth is caused by the ____ nerve.	trigeminal
Taste in the anterior 2/3 of tongue, along with sensation of the lips and face is due to the ___ nerve.	facial
Taste and sensation in the posterior 1/3 of the tongue, as well as sensation in the tonsils, pharynx and soft palate is due to the ____ nerve.	glossopharyngeal
The ____ nerve controls the pharynx, larynx, and base of the tongue.	vagus
____ is the first reflexive pattern to develop, related to swallowing.	suckling
In sucking, the tongue body raises and ___.	lowers
There are reduced mandibular ____ during sucking.	excursions
In suckling, lips may approximate. In sucking, there is ___ lip closure.	strong
During breast feeding, the tip of the tongue stays behind the	lower lip
During breast feeding, the anterior portion of the tongue is raised, while the posterior tongue is retracted, forming a ___ for liquid.	groove
The suck and swallow sequence is repeated ___ time(s) per second.	one
The suck and swallow sequence is interrupted by rest periods, which occur after eight to ____ swallow sequences.	twelve

Created by: fiu

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