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Political Science 1
Test-->2/13/12
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The authoritative allocation of values for a society is: | Politics. |
| What is the legitimate use of force within specified geographical boundaries to control human behavior? | Government |
| All powerful is: | Sovereignty |
| What is the increasing interdependence of citizens and nations across the world? | Globalization |
| National Sovereignty is a political entity's externally recognized right to ________. | exercise that force. |
| National Sovereignty is threatened by what? Why? | Globalization. When more countries become active in the global market, more countries want to "take over." |
| What are the three purposes of government? | Maintain order, provide public goods, and promote equality. |
| Why do people surrender to the government? | People need to submit to the power of government, in order to receive their benefits. |
| Who created the theory of Leviathan government and what does it mean? | Thomas Hobbes. His theory stated that life without government would be chaos. |
| Authoritarian rulers use the fear of civil disorder to take power of people. Give an example of an authoriatian ruler. | Adolf Hitler |
| John Locke had a major influence on the writers of the Declaration of Independence. He wrote a book called "Two Treatises on Government." What were the three things his philosophy promoted? | Life, Liberty, and Property |
| The established ways of social behavior. Maintaining _______ is the oldest purpose of government. | order |
| The belief that states should leave individuals free to follow their individual pursuits... | liberalism |
| A political system in which, in theory, ownership of all land and productive facilities is in the hands of the people, and all goods are equally shared. The production and distribution of goods are controlled by an authoritarian government. | Communism |
| Benefits and services, such as parks and sanitation, that benefit all citizens but are not likely to be produced voluntarily by individuals. | Public goods |
| The idea of communism was founded by... | Karl Marx |
| Where does the money for public goods come from ? | Taxes |
| What is an example of the government promoting equality? | Redistributing the rich's money to the poor. |
| Of government's three objectives, which is the least controversial and which is the most controversial? | Public goods; Promoting equality |
| The concepts that relate to what government tries to do are: | order, freedom, and equality |
| The concepts that describe the democratic model of government are: | Majoriarian and Pluralist |
| The absence of constraints on behavior; this means the freedom to do something: | freedom OF |
| Give an example of FREEDOM OF: | Freedom of religion; Freedom of Speech |
| The immunity from something: | freedom FROM |
| Give an example of FREEDOM FROM: | Freedom from fear; Freedom from want |
| The established patterns of authority in society and traditional modes of behavior is considered: | social order |
| The authority of a government to maintain order and safeguard citizens' health, morals, safety, and welfare: | police power |
| When the government maintains "order," they are: | preseving life, protecting property, and maintaining traditional pattersn of social relationships. |
| One and only one vote is: | political equality |
| Equality in wealth, education, and statis is considered-- | social equality |
| There are two routes to promoting social equality: | equality of opportunity and equality of outcome |
| Equality of Opportunity: | each person has the same chance to succeed in life |
| Equality of Outcome: | The concept that society must ensure that people are equal, and governments must design policies to redistribute wealth and status so that economic and social equality is actually achieved |
| The idea that every citizen is entitled to certain benefits of government | rights |
| The original dilemma of government is: | freedom vs. order |
| The modern dilemma of government is: | freedom vs. equality |
| Mandatory testing for AIDS in a work facility is considered which dilimma? | freedom vs. order |
| An employer being required to pay women the same wage as men would be considered which dilemma? | freedom vs. equality |
| A consistent set of values andd beliefs about the proper purpose and scope of government: | political ideology |
| What are the four political theories, ranked from least amount of government to the most amount of government. | Anarchism, Libertarianism, Liberalism, and Totalitariansim |
| The belief that government should have unlimited power. | Totalitarianism |
| Give an example of Totalitarianism: | Big Brother; Germany under Hitler's rule |
| What are the three economic theories? Rank them from the least amount of government control--the the most amount of government control. | Laissez-Faire, Capitalism, and Socialism |
| What are the two popular political labels in America? | Conservative and Liberal |
| A form of rule in which the central government plays a strong role in regulating existing private industry and directing the economy, although it does allow some private ownership of productive capacity. | Socialism |
| If government has a say in the regulation of basic industries, (such as mining, communications, etc.) but promotes private ownership of productive capacity, it is-- | socialist |
| A socialist form of government that guarantees civil liberties such as freedom of speech and religion. Citizens determine the extent of government activity through free elections and competitive political parties. | Democratic Socialism |
| The system of government that favors free enterprise (privately owned businesses operating without government regulation). | Capitalism |
| The United States is considered a ________ country. | Capitalist |
| A political ideology that is opposed to all government actione xcept as necessary to protect life and property. | Libertarianism |
| Someone who is opposed to the government ownership of basic industries, and is considered as a person with a "laissez faire" attitude about government is: | libertarian |
| An economic doctrine that opposes any form of government intervention in business | laissez faire |
| A political philosophy that opposes government in any form. | Anarchism |
| Someone who values absolute freedom is considered a/an | anarchist |
| Which American political party prefers more government? | Liberals |
| Which American political party prefers smaller government budgets and fewer government programs? | Conservatives |
| Which American political party prefers generous government support for education, wildlife protection, public transportation, and social programs? | Liberals |
| Which American political party prefers free enterprise and argues against government job programs, regulation of business, and the legislation of working conditions and wage rates? | Conservatives |
| Which American political party prefers less spending on public goods? | Conservatives |
| Conservatives support what purpose of government? | Maintaing social order |
| Which American political party prefers criminal punishment? | Conservatives |
| Conservatives would rather promote _____ over _____. | order; equality |
| Which American political party is more likely to promot equal treatment of homosexuals in employment, housing,and education? | Liberals |
| Liberals would rather promote ______ over ______. | equality; order |
| Liberals favor ______ over freedom and ______ over order. | equality; freedom |
| Communitarians favor _____ over freedom and _____ over freedom. | equality; order |
| Libertarians favor _____ over equality and _____ over order. | freedom; freedom |
| Conservatives favor _____ over freedom and _____ over equality. | order; equality |
| What are some of the characteristics of states? | territory, people, a political organization or government, and sovereignty |
| True/False--Freedom and Equality have positive connotations? | True |
| True/False--Order is only called for during times of civil strife? | True |
| What is the main purpose of order? | Protect life and property |
| Maintaining order is also viewed as maintaining social order, which is protecting the patterns of authority and traditional modes of behavior. True/False | True |
| Gun control, protesting in front of the abortion clinics, privacy of your phone/emails, detention of people in search of terrorists, and same-sex marriage are considered what dilemma? | Freedom vs. Order--the Original Dilemma |
| Economic stimulus bills, affirmative action, minimum wages, and welfare programs are examples of which dilemma? | Freedom vs. Equality--the Modern Dilemma |
| Good government does not often involve tough choices. True/False? | False. |
| Conservatives often favor which dilemma? | Freedom vs. Order |
| Liberals often favor which dilemma? | Freedom vs. Equality |
| A government in which one individual, usually a monarch, has the power to make all important decisions. | Autocracy |
| A system of government in which power is concentrated in the hands of a few people. | Oligarchy |
| A system in which government in which, in theory, the people rule, either directly or indirectly. | Democracy |
| Procedural democratic theory set forth principles that describe: | how a government should make decisions. |
| 1. Who should participate in decision making? 2. How much should each participant's vote count? 3. How many votes are needed to reach a decision? are all questions that fit under what democratic theory? | Procedural democratic theory |
| The concept that everyone in a democracy should participate in governmental decision making. | Universal Participation |
| Equality in political decision making: one vote per person, with all votes counted equally. | Political Equality |
| The principle--basic to procedural democratic theory--that the decision of a group must reflect the preference of more than half of those participating; a simple majority. | Majority rule |
| A system of government where rank-and-file citizens rule themselves rather than electing representatives to govern on their behalf. | Participatory democracy |
| Online communication channels that enable citizens to easily obtain information from government and facilitate the expression of opinions to government officials. | E-government |
| A system of government where citizens elect public officials to govern on their behalf. | Representative Democracy |
| A decision-making principle, necessitated by representative government, that implies that elected representatives should do what the majority of people wants. | Responsiveness |
| What are the four priciples of procedural democracy? | Universal participation, political equality, majority rule, and government responsiveness to public opinion |
| The view that democracy is embodied in the substance of government policies rather than in the policymaking procedure. | Substantive democratic theory |
| Government policies should guarantee what two things? | Civil liberties and civil rights |
| The benefits of government that cannot be denied to any citizen by majority decisions. | minority rights |
| The classical theory of democracy in which government by the people is interpreted as government by the majority of the people. | Majoritarian democracy |
| An election on a policy issue is called a: | referendum |
| When citizens circulate petitions and gather a required minimum number of signatures to put a policy question on a ballot, it is called: | initiative |
| An organized group of individuals that seeks to influence public policy; also called a lobby. | Interest group |
| An interpretation of democracy in which government by the people is taken to mean government by people operating through competing interest groups. | Pluralist democracy |
| America is majoritarian/pluralistic? | Pluralistic |
| The view that a small group of people actually makes most of the important government decisions. | Elite democracy |
| A process of transition as a country attempts to move from an authoritarian form of government to a democratic one. | Democratization |
| Drafted by Thomas Jefferson, the document that proclaimed the right of the colonies to seperate from Great Britain. | Declaration of Independence |
| The belief that the people agree to set up rulers for certain purposes and thus have the right to resist or remove rulers who act against those purposes. | Social Contract Theory |
| True/ False. The United States began as a Republic. | True |
| A government without a monarch; a government rooted in the consent of the governed, whose power is exercized by elcted representatives responsible to the governed. | Republic |
| A loose association of independent states that agree to cooperate onspecified matters. | Confederation |
| The compact among the thirteen original states that established the first government of the United States. | Articles of Confederation. |
| True/False. The federal government had majority of the power under the Articles of Confederation. | False |
| Under the Articles of Confederation, how many state votes were required for a law to be amended? | 13 |
| A set of proposals for a new government, submitted to the Constitutional Convention of 1787; included seperation of the government into three branches, division of the legislature into two houses, and proportional representation in the legislature. | Virginia Plan |
| The law-making branch of government. | Legislature |
| The law-enforcing branch of government. | Executive |
| The law-interpreting branch of government. | Judicial |
| Convention of 1787, a set of nine resolutions that would have, in effect, preserved the Articles of Confederation by amending rather than replacing them. | New Jersey Plan |
| A plan calling for a bicameral legislature in which the House of Representatives would be apportioned according to population and the states would be represented equally in the Senate. | Great Compromise |
| A body of electors chosen by voters to cast ballots for president and vice president. | Electoral College |
| The founders relied on what four principles to create the government. | Republicanism, federalism, seperation of powers, and checks and balances |
| A form of government in which power resides in the people and is exercised by their elected representatives. | Republicanism |
| The division of power between a central government and regional governments. | Federalism |
| The assignment of lawmaking, law-enforcing, and law interpreting functions to seperate branches of government. | seperation of powers |
| A government structure that gives each branch some scrutiny of and control over the other branches. | Checks and Balances |
| The powers explicitly granted to Congress by the Constitution. | enumerated powers |
| The last clause in section 8 of Article I in the Constitution, which gives Congress the means to execute its enumerated powers. This clause is the basis for Congress's implied powers. Also called the elastic clause. | Necessary and Proper Clause |
| Those powers that Congress needs to execute its enumerated powers. | Implied powers |
| The power to declare congressional (and presidential) acts invalid because they violate the Constitution. | Judicial review |
| The clause in Article VI of the Constitution that asserts that national laws take precedence over state and local laws when they conflict. | Supremacy Clause |
| The first ten amendments to the Constitution. They prevent the national government from tampering with fundamental rights and civil liberties, and emphasize the limited character of national power. | Bill of Rights |
| What are the two steps of the amendment process? | Proposal and Ratification |
| In order for the Proposal to move on to the ratification stage, how many votes must take place and where? | 2/3 majority in congress. |
| In order for a ratification to be ratified, how many votes are needed and from whom? | 3/4 state legislation. |
| What court case established Judicial Review? | Marbury vs. Madison |
| The redistribution of the wealth--from the wealthy to the poor is called what kind of taxation? | Progressive |
| A view holding that they Constitution is a compact among sovereign states, so that the pwers of the national government and the states are clearly differentiated. | Dual Federalism |
| The idea that all rights not specifically conferred on the national government by the U.S. Constitution are reserved to the states. | States' rights |
| A view holding that the Constitution is an agreement among people who are citizens of both state and nation, so there is much overlap between state powers and national powers. | Cooperative Federalism |
| Marble cake= | Cooperative Federalism |
| Layered cake= | Dual Federalism |
| The third clause of Article I, SEction 8, of the Constitution, which gives Congress the pwer to regulate commerce among the states. | Commerce Clause |
| Money provided by one level of government to another to be spent for a given purpose. | Grant-in-aid |
| Grants-in-aid targeted for a specific purpose by either formula or project. | Categorical grants |
| Categorical grants distributed according to a particular set of rules, called a formula, that specify who is eligible for the grants and how much each eligible applicant will receive. | Formula grants |
| Categorical grants awarded on the basis of competitive applications submitted by prospective recipients to perform a specific task or function. | Project Grants |
| Grants-in-aid awarded for general purposes, allowing the recipient great discretion in spending the grant money. | Block grants |
| Citizens, member of interest groups, or public officials who champion particular policy ideas. | Policy Entrepreneurs |
| The power of Congress to enact laws by which the natinoal government assumes total or partial responsibility for a state government function. | Preemption |
| A requirement that a state undertake an activity or provide a service, in keeping with minimum national standards. | mandate |
| A requirement laid down by act of Congress, prohibiting a state or local government from exercising a certain power | restraint |
| A view holding that the national government may impose its policy preferences on the states through regulations in the form of mandates and restraints. | coercive federalism |
| The process of redrawing political boundaries to reflect changes in population. | redistricting |
| The government unites that administer a city or town. | Municipal governments |
| The government units that administer a county. | County governments |
| The governemtn unit that administers elementary and secondary school programs. | School district |
| Government units created to perform particular functions, especially when those functions are best performed across jurisdictional boundaries. | Special districts |
| the right to enact and enforce legislation localy. | home rule |
| True/False. 1983 was the last amended Georgia Constitutino | True |
Created by:
htrussel