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farm 11-14
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| antianxiety agents are most commonly orally administered because the effective dose of a particular antianxiety agent is very predictable | true. false |
| agents are most commonly prescribed antianxiety drugs | benzodiazepines |
| benzodiazepine whould be most suitable for intramuscular administration | midazolam |
| once a benzodiazepine is absorbed, the rate at which it reaches its site of action is dependent on | all of the above |
| which benzodiazepine is preferred for use in elderly patients | lorazam |
| some benzodiazepines are transformed in the body to acvitvate metabolites. the active metabolites are formed by phase II drug metabolism | true.false |
| benzodiazepines enhance or faciliate the action of the neurontransmitter | gaba (y-aminobutyric |
| clinical effects of benzodiazepines in humans are ___at lower doses | anxiety reduction and panic reduction |
| benzodiazepines are indicated for epilepsy because they | limit the spread of abnormal activity to other parts of the brain |
| when benzodiazepines are used in dentistry to produce conscious sedation, the appearance of ___ is used as initial endpoint for the dose administered | ptosis |
| which of the following parental benzodiazepines seems to have the greatest likelihood to produce amnesia | triazolam (halcion) |
| which of the following statements is true concerning administration of benzodiazepines and pregnancy | both b and c |
| therapeutic index of benzodiazepines is ___ that of the barbiturates | wider than |
| ___may be used to reverse some of the effects of a benzodiazepine | flumazenil (romazicon) |
| which of the following agents may decrease the effectiveness of benzodiazepines | tobacco |
| the benzodiazepines are preferable to the barbiturates as hypnotics because the risk | of physical addiction or serious poising is much less. the efficacy of the benzodiazepines in the treatement of chronic insomnia has been demonstrated for longer than 2 years true. false |
| the following habits should be followed to minimize insomnia except one. which one is the exception | exercise within 3 hrs of bedtime |
| which of the following benzodiazepines is the drug of choice for treatment of repetitive intractable seizures that require IV therapy | diazepam (valium) |
| agents used for dental anxiety has a fast onset and short half life | triazolam |
| barbiturates act on nerves by enahncing the binding of which neirotransmitter to its receptor | GABA |
| although a lethal dose of barbiturates can only be approximated, sever poisoning will follow the ingestion of __ times the hypnotic dose | 10 |
| chronic use of barbiturates can lead to | physical and psychologid dependence |
| barbiturates is absoluley contraindicated in patients with a positive family history of | porphyria |
| barbiturates reduce the effects of the following drugs except | propoxyphene |
| longest acting barbiturate | phenobarbital |
| true concerning the dental use of chloral hydrate | used for preoperative sedation of children safe choice for sedation of children a and B |
| has selective anxiolytic action without hypnotic, anticonvulsant, muscle relaxant properties | buspirone |
| agents has the shortest half life | zaleplon |
| is a melatonin receptort agonist | ramelton |
| strongest centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant | cyclobenzaprine |
| muscle relaxant has peripheral rather than central action | dantrolene |
| anxiety control is only necessary for the forst third of a dental appointment | false |
| use of antianxiety agents in the dentist office should be discourged because it encourages addiction | false |
| benzodiazepines are contraindicated in wide angle glaucoma | false |
| barbiturates have no significant analgesic effects | true |
| chloral hydrate should be administered to a pregnant women | true |
| chloral hydrate should be administered with food or milk | true |
| sedatives potentiate analgesic agents | true |
| chapter 12 | * |
| stand for vitamins and minerals is estimated to meet the requirements of one half of the healthy population | EAR estimated average requirement |
| deficiency of ascorbic acid produces a condtion known as | scurvy |
| deficiency in vitamin C includes symptoms such as | impaired wound healing and loosening of teeth |
| untoward effects have been reported with the ise of megadoeses of vitamin C. a daily intake of 1 gram of vitamin c may cause precipitation of oxalate stones in the urinary tract | true |
| b complex vitamins primarily release energy from carbohydrates and fats | thiamine and niacin |
| alcoholism is the most common cause of thiamine defeciency in the united states. wernicke encephalopathy can result if a severe deficiency exists | true |
| riboflavin is vitamin | b2 |
| riboflavin is converted to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleiotide phospahte (NADP) in the body. deficiency of this vitamin can result in glossitis and cheilitis. | false. true |
| pellagra common disease of the _____, united states | southeastern |
| pellagra is the term used to describe a deficiency in which vitamin | niacin |
| the 3 Ds dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia are deficeny in | niacin |
| side effects that occue from ingestion of large doses of niacin include (1) cutaneous flushing 2) pruritus, 30 gastrointestianl distress | 1,2,3, |
| isoniazid a drug used for management of TB, can produce a neuropathy resulting from a defiency in which vitamin | pyridoxine |
| vitamin ___ administration can cancel the therapeutic and side effects of levodopa, a drug used for parkinson disease | B6 |
| ___ % of women taking contraceptive agents show to have a B6 deficiency | 20 |
| __ is a form of water soluble vitamin B9 | folic acid |
| most common vitamin deficiency in the US is | folic acid |
| pregant women need supplemental synthetic ___and should not rely solely on dietary sources | folacin |
| substance used as an antidote to an overdose from a folic acid antagonist such as methotrexate | leucovorin calcium |
| administration of folic acid will not cause remission of the hematologic effects of pernicious anemia, but it will prevent the neurologic effects caused by a deficiency of vitamin B12 | False |
| vitamin ___ is a chemically complex substance that contains four extensively substitured pyrrole rings surrounding an atom of cobalt | K |
| following citamins is synthesized by intestianl flora | all of the above biotin cyanocobalamin vitamin k |
| secretion of intrinsic factor by gastric mucosa is required to absorb | vitamin B12 |
| most common cause of vitamin __ deficiency is pernicious anemia, an autoimmune disorder that prevents the production of intrinsic fctor | B12 |
| following statements is true concerning pantothenic acid | b and c part of all living material promotes gastrointestianl motility |
| avidin can prevent the absorption of which vitamin by combining with it in the gastrointestianl tract | biotin |
| vitamin B15 and B17 have been shown to be | not vitamins but important in human nutrition |
| carotenes provide the greated source of vitamin __ in most diets | A |
| nyctalopia is a symptom of which vitamin deficiency | vitamin a |
| ingestion of polar bear liver can lead to an acute toxic overdose in | vitamin a |
| all vitamin a analogs | b and c contraindicated in anyone who might become pregnant within the next few years -have drug interaction with alcohol because they both can produce hypertriglyceridemia |
| statement that is true of vitamin D2 | form of vitamin found in plants |
| vitamin d promotes normal mineralization of bone by ___ intestinal absorption of calcium and ___excretion from the kidney | stimulating, decreasing |
| deficiency of vitamin d produces | b and c stimulation of parathyroid hormone secretion -rickets in children |
| vitamin d deficiency produces a disease state called __ in adults | osteromalcia |
| vitamin relies on the kidney for conversion to its active form | vitamin D |
| the __ is mostly likely to develop osteoporosis | thin, woman, smokers |
| at present, no therapeutic use of vitamin e has been proved by controlled scientific studies, with the exception of ___ of the newborn | hemolytic anemia |
| phytonadione is form of | vitamin k |
| protracted use (pronling use) of sulfa drgus may produce symptoms of vitamin K deficiency because sulfa drugs | inhibit growth of intestinal bacteria |
| true of iron except | ferrous gluconate salts have a greater percentage of iron than ferrous sulfate salts |
| iron defiiciency produces __ anemia | microcytic and hypochromic |
| true concerning calcium in the body | a and b regulate calcium concentration hypocalcemia given to pts with chronic renal failure |
| patients taking the anticonvulsant phenytoin may exhibit reduced activity of | a and c folic acid vitamin d |
| humans and other primated cannot synthesize vitamin C, they must obtain it daily from their diet | true |
| if a deficiency of one of the B-complex vitamins occurs, it will impair the utilzation of the others | true |
| thiamine is required for the oxidative decarboxylation of a-ketoacids | true |
| pellagra means dry skin | false ( rough skin) |
| amount of biotin excreted in the feces can actually exceed the intake | true |
| a rich source of avidin is raq egg yolks | false |
| chapter 13 | * |
| pt present with an oral ulcer that begins at an interdental papillae. condition is | ANUG |
| antibiotics should be considered for the treatment of ANUG | only if the patient is immunompromised or if evidence of systemic involvement exists |
| following may be used as rinse for ANUG | chlorahezadine |
| ___% of adult population has been exposed to herpes simples | 80-90 |
| acyclovir oitment is the treatment of choice for primary and recurrent herpes labialis in immunocompetent patients. it is more effective than acyclovir cream in recurrent herpes | neither statement nor the reason is correct |
| following agents are useful in the tx of oral herpes except | corticosteriods |
| cheilosis can result from deficiencies of vitamins | B2 and B6 |
| alveolar osteitis "dry socket" occurs in most commonly in the ___ region | mandibular molar |
| the following statements are true of alveolar osteitis except one. what is the exception | antibiotic prphylaxis is recommended |
| recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is common oral lesion occurring in approximately __% of the population | 20% |
| etiology of aphthous stomatitis involves an immunologic component in which a significant role is played by | T lymphocytes |
| which of the following contions involves a focal immune dysfunction in which a decreased ratio of T-helper to T-syppressor/cytotoxic cells can be seen | RAS |
| the treatment of RAS may include any of the following except one. which one is the exception | topical lauryl sulfate |
| which subtype of lichen planus is characterized by a white, lace-like pattern intersecting to forma reticular pattern | hypertrophic |
| glossopyrosis is another term for | burning tongue |
| pericoronitis most commonly applies to partially erupted | 3rd molars |
| longerm exposure of the lip to ___ can cause irreversible tissue changes known as actinic cheilitis. | the sun |
| actinic lip changes, if keratitic , are best reated with | fluorouracil (5-fu) |
| treatment of xerostomia consists of all of the following actions except one. which one is the exception | prescribe an anticholinergic agent to stimulate an increase in saliva |
| pilocarpine is a ___ agent that produces an increase in saliva | cholinergic |
| gingival enlargement is a side effect of some drugs. coricosteroids are used for the treatment of this condition | first statement is true, the second statement is false |
| chlorhexidine causes intrinsic discolotation of teeth, wheras stannous fluoride causes extrinsic discoloration | fist statment is false, the second part is true |
| following agents is associated with gingival enlargment | cyclosporine |
| the ulcerated area of ANUG begins at the marginal gigiva | false |
| acyclovir should not be used prophylactically to prevent minor outbreaks of hepes because excessive use may lead to reistnat strains of herpes | true |
| a decrease in vertical dimension is though to contribute to angular cheilitis | false |
| most common drug implicated in lichenoid-like eruptions is hydrochlorothiazide | true |
| chapter 14 | * |
| what % of children ages 12 to 17 years in the united states experienced tooth decay | 68 |
| the incidence of dental caries in children has decreased over the past decades. this decrease has been attributed to improved oral hygiene | first statement ture, the 2nd if false |
| food ___ are less catiogenic | b and c that stimulates saliva flow high in protein |
| experts recommend that the average life of a tooth brush is __ months | 3 |
| proper statement of floss | floss should be wrappted around the middle fingers until 1 inch of floss remains visible |
| according to the ADA, which of the following group of adults should revieve professionally applied fluoride products | aduls with active caries in the last 3 years with rish factors |
| fluride is t hought to work by | b and c acting on individual microorganisms in biofilm & functioning as an antibiotic |
| following statements is true converning fluoride toxcity | both acute and chronic toxicity can occur with fluoride use |
| which of the following liquids may be used during managment of acute fluoride toxicity | milk |
| true concerning fluoride toxicity | drinking wate with more than 2ppm of fluoride can lead to fluorosis of tooth enamel during the age of tooth mineralization |
| which of the following types of topically applied flu is recommended when porcelain or composite restorations are present | sodium fl (NaF) |
| experts recommend that fl applications remain in place for | 4 minutes |
| patient is instructed to regrain from eating or drinking for __minutes after professionally applied fluoride applications | 30 |
| professionally applied fluorde topical agents last for approximately | 5 to 8 weeks |
| annual 4 minute in office topical fl applications reduce tooth decay in permanent teeth of children living in nonfluoridated areas by ___% | 26 |
| some topical fl products are marketed as 1 minute in office applications. clinical trials have proved that they are as effective as the 4 minute apllications | first statement true, 2nd false |
| which of the following statements is ture of processionally apllied NaF? | endorsed by the ADA |
| which of the following professionaly applied preparations for in office applications has the hightest fl concentration (ppm) | sodium varnish 5% |
| which of the following statements is ture of NaF varnish as professionally applied topical agent | b and c varnish stays on enamel longer than topical fl can be applied if saliva is present |
| the patient should not eart for ___ after the application of NaF varnish and should not brush his teeth for | 2 hrs, 1day |
| which of the following statements is ture regarding use of dentifrices in the United states | children should use a pea sized amount of toothpaste to minimize fluoride ingestion |
| which of the following agents is added to mouth rinses to function as a goaming agent that helps remove debris | surfactants |
| guidleines for using at home topical fl prepartations include | rinse vigorously for 60 seconds |
| true of xulitol | b and c are true inhibits attachment of biofilm to teeth prevent transmission of oral bacteria from mother to child |
| ture of the ise of chlorhexidine rinse for gingivitis | binds to the bacterial cell membrane and increases its permeability |
| patients hsould with chlorhexidine for 20 seconds with 15ml of chlorhexidine __ a day | twice |
| in a recent clinical tiral, an essential oil mouth rinse plus brushing and flossing was | found to produce similar results chlorhexidine at the end of 6 months of therapy |
| most effective in reducing gingivitis | 0.3% triclosan |
| for dentinal hyperalgesia to develop, the dentin must become exposed through the loss of gingival recession or enamel and | dentin tubules must be open to the oral cavity and the pulp |
| following choice is the most common cause of intrinsic acid production | gastric reflux |
| dental disorders result in 7 million days of lost work each year | true |
| 40% of the general population has experienced dental caries | false |
| proteins in dairy products raise pH levels and can inhibit bacterial growth | true |
| patients considered has having a low rish for caries benefit from professionally applied fl products | false |
| children that drink water with atleast 1 ppm of fl and ingest fl supplements are at risk for develoing chronic fl | true |
| tooth bleaching can increase the risk for sensitivity | true |
Created by:
bisonlea