Question 1

Density

A) Arithmetic

Accepted Answer

The population of a country or region expressed as an average per unit area. This figure is derived by dividing the population of the areal unit by the number of square kilometers or miles that make up the unit.

Question 2

Demography

Accepted Answer

Study of population.

Question 3

Density

B) Physiological

Accepted Answer

The number of people per unit of arable land. Relates the total population of a country or region to the area of farmable land it contains.

Question 4

Diffusion

A) Hearth

Accepted Answer

An area where cultural traits develop and from which the cultural traits diffuse. Place where idea or culture originates.

Question 5

Diffusion

B) Relocation

Accepted Answer

Movement of people who have adopted the innovation to a distant group. It involves the actual movement of individuals who have already adopted the idea or innovation, where they proceed to disseminate it.

Question 6

Diffusion

C) Expansion

Accepted Answer

When an innovation or idea develops in a hearth and remains strong there while spreading outwards.

Question 7

Diffusion

D) Hierarchical

Accepted Answer

Form of diffusion in which an idea or innovation spreads by passing first among the most connected places or peoples. Usually is expansion to some susceptible groups but leapfrogs others.

Question 8

Diffusion

E) Contagious

Accepted Answer

A form of diffusion in which nearly all adjacent individuals are affected.

Question 9

Diffusion

F) Stimulus

Accepted Answer

Diffusion in which a cultural adaptation is created as result of the introduction of a cultural trait from another place. Not all ideas introduced to a population is readily adopted.

Question 10

Absolute Distance

Accepted Answer

The distance that can be measured with a standard unit of length, such as a mile or kilometer

Question 11

Environmental Determinism

Accepted Answer

Holds that human behavior, individually and collectively, is affected by- even controlled or determined by- the physical environment. Suggests that climate is the critical factor in how humans behave.

Question 12

GIS
(Geographic Information System)

Accepted Answer

A collection of computer hardware and software that permits spatial data to be collected, recorded, stored, retrieved, manipulated, analyzed, and displayed to the user.

Question 13

Global Positioning System (GPS)

Accepted Answer

Satellite based system used to determine the absolute location of places or geographic features.

Question 14

International Dateline- 180° longitude, although it deviates in several places to avoid dividing land areas.

Accepted Answer

When you cross the International Date Line heading east (toward America), the clock moves back 24 hours, or one entire day. When you go west (toward Asia), the calendar moves ahead one day.

Question 15

Absolute Location

Accepted Answer

The position or place of a certain item on the surface of the Earth.

Question 16

Relative Location

Accepted Answer

The regional position or situation of a place relative to the position of other places. Distance, accessibility, and connectivity affect relative location.

Question 17

Site

Accepted Answer

The internal physical attributes of a place, including its absolute location, its spatial character and physical setting.

Question 18

Map Scale

Accepted Answer

The scale of a map is defined as the ratio of a distance on the map to the corresponding distance on the ground.

Question 19

Thematic Map

(Reference Maps- shows locations of places and geographic features).

Accepted Answer

Maps that tell stories, typically showing the degree of some attribute or the movement of a geographic phenomenon.

Question 20

Statistical Map

Accepted Answer

A special type of map in which the variation in quantity of a factor such as rainfall, population, or crops in a geographic area is indicated; a dot map is one type.

Question 21

Dot Maps

Accepted Answer

Maps where one dot represents a certain number of a phenomenon, such as population. usually used for populations

Question 22

Isoline Map

(Contour map)

Accepted Answer

a line on a map connecting places registering the same amount or ratio of some geographical or meteorological phenomenon or phenomena Also called isogram, isoline

Question 23

Mental Map
(Cognitive Map)

Accepted Answer

Image or picture of the way space is organized as determined by an individual's perception, impression, and knowledge of that space.

Question 24

Natural Landscape

Accepted Answer

the overall appearance of an area. Most landscapes are comprised of combination of natural and human-induced influences.

Question 25

Possibilism

Accepted Answer

Geographic viewpoint- a response to determinism- that holds that human decision making, not the environment, is the crucial factor in cultural development.

Question 26

Map Projection

SEE BINDER FOR THE PROJECTIONS

Accepted Answer

A mathematical method that involves transferring the earth's sphere onto a flat surface. The term can also be used to describe the type of map that results from the process of projecting. All map projections have distortions in either area, direction, d

Question 27

Formal/Uniform Region

Accepted Answer

A type of region marked by a certain degree of homogeneity in one or more phenomena; also called uniform region or homogeneous region.

Question 28

Functional Region


(Product of interactions, of movement of various kinds).

Accepted Answer

A region defined by a particular set of activities or interactions that occur within it.

Question 29

Perceptual Region

Accepted Answer

Are intellectual constructs designed to help us understand the nature and distribution of phenomena in human geography. region that only exists as a conceptualization or idea and not as a physically demarcated entity

Question 30

Remote Sensing

Accepted Answer

A method of collecting data or information through the use of instruments (e.g. satellites) that are physically distant from the area of object of study.

Question 31

Scale

Accepted Answer

Representation of real world phenomena at a certain level of reduction or generalization.

Question 32

Sequent Occupance

Accepted Answer

The notion that successive societies leave their cultural imprints on a place, each contributing to the cumulative cultural landscape.

Question 33

Spatial

Accepted Answer

Pertaining to space on the Earth's surface; sometimes used as a synonym for geographic.

Question 34

Distance Decay

(Suggests that the impact of a function or activity will decline as one moves  away from its point of origin).

Accepted Answer

The effects of distance on interaction, generally the greater the distance the less interaction.

Question 35

Friction Distance

Accepted Answer

The increase in time and cost that usually comes with increasing distance.

Question 36

Time-Space Compression

Accepted Answer

A term associated with the work of David Harvey that refers to the social and psychological effects of living in a world in which "time-space convergence" has rapidly reached a high level of intensity.

Question 37

Time Zones

Accepted Answer

Any of the 24 divisions of the Earth's surface used to determine the local time for any given locality. Each zone is roughly 15° of longitude in width, with local variations for economic and political convenience.

Question 38

Built Landscape

Accepted Answer

The built landscape is represented by those features and patterns reflecting human occupation and use of natural resources

Question 39

Cultural Landscape

Accepted Answer

The visible imprint of human activity and culture on the landscape. Basically, it's landscape altered or imprinted by humans.

AP Human Geography

Unit 1

Question	Answer
Density A) Arithmetic	The population of a country or region expressed as an average per unit area. This figure is derived by dividing the population of the areal unit by the number of square kilometers or miles that make up the unit.	This measure assumes that there is an even distribution of the population over land. No country however has an evenly distributed population.	For example, arithmetic population measures do not reflect the emptiness of Alaska and the sparseness of population in much of the West. Also, Egypt's population of 73.3 million has a moderate arithmetic density of 190 per square mile.	Yet Egypt's territory of 386,660 miles is mostly desert and the majority of the population is crowded into the valley and delta of the Nile River. 98% of all Egyptians live on just 3% of the country's land, so the arithmetic population density is useless.
Demography	Study of population.
Density B) Physiological	The number of people per unit of arable land. Relates the total population of a country or region to the area of farmable land it contains.	Better measurement of population density. Take the case of Egypt again. Millions live in its great cities like Cairo and Alexandria and smaller urban centers and also irrigated farmlands. The physiological pop. density for Egypt is 6319 per square mile.	This number is far more reflexive of Egypt's population pressure, and it continues to rise rapidly despite Egypt's efforts to expand its irrigated farmlands.
Diffusion A) Hearth	An area where cultural traits develop and from which the cultural traits diffuse. Place where idea or culture originates.	Example)---> the religion of Islam was traced to around the cities of Mecca and Medina on the Arabian Peninsula in the 500s C.E.	the term for a trait with many hearths that developed independent of each other is independent invention. (example) Agriculture can be traced to several hearths thousands of years apart.
Diffusion B) Relocation	Movement of people who have adopted the innovation to a distant group. It involves the actual movement of individuals who have already adopted the idea or innovation, where they proceed to disseminate it.	Occurs most frequently by migration. When migrants move from their homeland, they take their cultural traits with them. They can develop ethnic neighborhoods in other places where they maintain their culture.	If the homeland of the immigrants loses enough of its population, the cultural customs may fade in the hearth while gaining strength in the ethnic neighborhoods abroad.
Diffusion C) Expansion	When an innovation or idea develops in a hearth and remains strong there while spreading outwards.	Example is spread of Islam from Arabian Peninsula to Egypt and North Africa, through SW Asia, and into West Africa.
Diffusion D) Hierarchical	Form of diffusion in which an idea or innovation spreads by passing first among the most connected places or peoples. Usually is expansion to some susceptible groups but leapfrogs others.	Example= Birkenstock sandals in Germany. people in and that went to Germany first adopted it. Were sold in health food stores, mostly in areas with a large population of people involved in outdoor activities.	Examples are also AIDS, Terrorism, and foreign language movies.
Diffusion E) Contagious	A form of diffusion in which nearly all adjacent individuals are affected.	Examples are measles and smallpox. Examples are diseases. Could also be ideas or music but not always.
Diffusion F) Stimulus	Diffusion in which a cultural adaptation is created as result of the introduction of a cultural trait from another place. Not all ideas introduced to a population is readily adopted.	Yet these ideas can still have an impact somewhat on the population. EXAMPLE is the introduction of the hamburger in India.	But the Hindu prohibition against consumption of beef presented a cultural obstacle for this food item. Instead, retailers began selling burgers made of vegetable products.	This adaptation was stimulated by the introduction of the hamburger that took on a new form in the cultural context in which it was used.
Absolute Distance	The distance that can be measured with a standard unit of length, such as a mile or kilometer	Relative Distance	A measure of distance that includes the costs of overcoming the friction of absolute distance separating two places. Often relative distance describes the amount of social, cultural, or economic connectivity between two places.
Environmental Determinism	Holds that human behavior, individually and collectively, is affected by- even controlled or determined by- the physical environment. Suggests that climate is the critical factor in how humans behave.
GIS (Geographic Information System)	A collection of computer hardware and software that permits spatial data to be collected, recorded, stored, retrieved, manipulated, analyzed, and displayed to the user.	Geographers use GIS to compare a variety of spatial data by combining layers of spatial data in a computerized environment, creating maps in which patterns and processes are superimposed.	Geographers use it for human and physical geographic research.
Global Positioning System (GPS)	Satellite based system used to determine the absolute location of places or geographic features.
International Dateline- 180° longitude, although it deviates in several places to avoid dividing land areas.	When you cross the International Date Line heading east (toward America), the clock moves back 24 hours, or one entire day. When you go west (toward Asia), the calendar moves ahead one day.	prime meridian----->the meridian that passes through the Royal Observatory at Greenwich, England, is 0 degrees longitude
Absolute Location	The position or place of a certain item on the surface of the Earth.	Expressed in degrees, minutes, and seconds of latitude, 0 degrees to ninety degrees north or south of the equator, and longitude, 0 degrees to 180 degrees east or west of the Prime Meridian passing through Greenwich, England (a suburb of London).	Absolute Location helps us calculate distances between places.
Relative Location	The regional position or situation of a place relative to the position of other places. Distance, accessibility, and connectivity affect relative location.	Examples are such as 'Chicago is on Lake Michigan, south of Milwaukee". Another is "Chicago is the hub of the corn and soybean markets in the Midwest". These are descriptors of Chicago relative to other places.	Absolute Locations do not change, but relative locations are constantly modified and changed over time. For example, Fredericksburg, Virginia is located halfway between D.C. and Richmond, Virginia. Today it is a suburb of D.C.
Site	The internal physical attributes of a place, including its absolute location, its spatial character and physical setting.	Situation	Situation	The external locational attributes of a place; relative location or regional position with reference to other non-local places.
Map Scale	The scale of a map is defined as the ratio of a distance on the map to the corresponding distance on the ground.
Thematic Map (Reference Maps- shows locations of places and geographic features).	Maps that tell stories, typically showing the degree of some attribute or the movement of a geographic phenomenon.	Example is a map of "Where Pennsylvania Students Prefer to Live"
Statistical Map	A special type of map in which the variation in quantity of a factor such as rainfall, population, or crops in a geographic area is indicated; a dot map is one type.	Cartogram	A cartogram is a map in which some thematic mapping variable – such as travel time or Gross National Product – is substituted for land area or distance.	The geometry or space of the map is distorted in order to convey the information of this alternate variable
Dot Maps	Maps where one dot represents a certain number of a phenomenon, such as population. usually used for populations	Choropleth Map	is a thematic map in which areas are shaded or patterned in proportion to the measurement of the statistical variable being displayed on the map, such as population density or per-capita income.
Isoline Map (Contour map)	a line on a map connecting places registering the same amount or ratio of some geographical or meteorological phenomenon or phenomena Also called isogram, isoline
Mental Map (Cognitive Map)	Image or picture of the way space is organized as determined by an individual's perception, impression, and knowledge of that space.	Example is even though someone never went to the Great Plains, he or she might have a good idea of what the great plains may look like from studying maps and reading atlases and hearing about it.	This may also apply to finding your way through places using your mental map of the places you go to a lot or remember well from.
Natural Landscape	the overall appearance of an area. Most landscapes are comprised of combination of natural and human-induced influences.
Possibilism	Geographic viewpoint- a response to determinism- that holds that human decision making, not the environment, is the crucial factor in cultural development.	Nonetheless, possibilists view the environment as providing a set of broad constraints that limits the possibilities of human choice.
Map Projection SEE BINDER FOR THE PROJECTIONS	A mathematical method that involves transferring the earth's sphere onto a flat surface. The term can also be used to describe the type of map that results from the process of projecting. All map projections have distortions in either area, direction, d
Formal/Uniform Region	A type of region marked by a certain degree of homogeneity in one or more phenomena; also called uniform region or homogeneous region.	Area marked by visible uniformity. Example is a desert basin marked by severe aridity, sand surface, and steep surrounding mountain slopes. Formal regions can also be defined by cultural traits.	Another example is the region of Europe where French is spoken by 90 percent or more of the population.
Functional Region (Product of interactions, of movement of various kinds).	A region defined by a particular set of activities or interactions that occur within it.	Example is a city that has surrounding region with workers commuting either to the downtown area or to subsidiary centers such as office parks and shopping malls. The entire urban area is defined by people moving toward and within it.	people within the region function together politically, socially, and economically. It is a spatial system with boundaries that are defined by the limits of that system.
Perceptual Region	Are intellectual constructs designed to help us understand the nature and distribution of phenomena in human geography. region that only exists as a conceptualization or idea and not as a physically demarcated entity	These perceptions are based on our accumulated knowledge about such regions and cultures. Examples are on how people view what is the 'West" or "Mid-Atlantic regions".
Remote Sensing	A method of collecting data or information through the use of instruments (e.g. satellites) that are physically distant from the area of object of study.	Shows us the major areas of impact of natural disasters, environmental change over short and long periods,
Scale	Representation of real world phenomena at a certain level of reduction or generalization.	In cartography it is the ratio of map distance to ground distance; indicated on a map as a bar graph; representative fraction, and/or verbal statement.
Sequent Occupance	The notion that successive societies leave their cultural imprints on a place, each contributing to the cumulative cultural landscape.	When occupiers arrive at a landscape, they can bring their own technological and cultural traditions- and transform the landscape accordingly. They can also be influenced by what they find when they arrive- and leave some of it in place.
Spatial	Pertaining to space on the Earth's surface; sometimes used as a synonym for geographic.
Distance Decay (Suggests that the impact of a function or activity will decline as one moves away from its point of origin).	The effects of distance on interaction, generally the greater the distance the less interaction.	Usually leads to many migrants moving less far than they originally contemplated.
Friction Distance	The increase in time and cost that usually comes with increasing distance.	Example is a raw material being shipped hundreds of miles rather than closer from where it was shipped.
Time-Space Compression	A term associated with the work of David Harvey that refers to the social and psychological effects of living in a world in which "time-space convergence" has rapidly reached a high level of intensity.	Explains how quickly innovations diffuse and refers to how interlinked 2 places are through transportation and communication technologies.	time-space convergence (Refers to the greatly accelerated movement of goods, information, and ideas during the 20th century made possible by technological innovations in transportation and communications.
Time Zones	Any of the 24 divisions of the Earth's surface used to determine the local time for any given locality. Each zone is roughly 15° of longitude in width, with local variations for economic and political convenience.	The International Meridian Local time is one hour ahead for each time zone as one travels east and one hour behind for each time zone as one travels west. Conference in 1884 established the prime meridian as the starting point for the 24 zones.
Built Landscape	The built landscape is represented by those features and patterns reflecting human occupation and use of natural resources	(examples) a city, a town, a road, a factory. things like that.
Cultural Landscape	The visible imprint of human activity and culture on the landscape. Basically, it's landscape altered or imprinted by humans.	The layers of buildings, forms, artifacts sequentially imprinted on the landscape by the activities of various human occupants.	Any cultural landscape has layers of imprints from years of human activity. As successive occupiers arrive, they bring their own technological and cultural traditions- and transform the landscape.	They could also be influenced by what they find when they come- and leave some of it in place.

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