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Anatomy chapter 3

QuestionAnswer
The stability of cell membranes is increased by the presence of cholesterol
The bilayer of a cell membrane is made of phospholipids
Lipid-soluble materials may diffuse through a cell membrane because of the presence of phospholipids
Pores in a cell membrane are made of protein
Receptor sites on cell membranes, for hormones or other molecules, are often made of protein
In order for a hormone to affect a cell, it must fit into a receptor site
Cell membranes allow certain materials in or out; such membranes are said to be selectively permeable
The cell organelles that are the site of protein synthesis are ribosomes
Ribosomes are cell organelles that are the site of protein synthesis
The cell organelles that destroy damaged or misfolded proteins are the proteasomes
Proteasomes are cell organelles that destroyed damaged or misfolded proteins
The cell organelle that secretes cellular products is the Golgi apparatus
The cell organelles that are the site of cell respiration are the mitochondria
Mitochondria are cell organelles that are the site of cell respiration
The cell organelle that is a series of tunnels for transport within a cell is the endoplasmic reticulum
One function of the endoplasmic reticulum of a cell is the synthesis of lipids
The cell organelles that contain digestive enzymes are the lysosomes
The cell organelles that permit sperm cells to move are flagella
The cell organelles that sweep materials across a cell surface are cilia
The nucleus is the regulating center of a cell because it contains the chromosomes
The cellular transport process that requires transporters (carrier enzymes) is facilitated diffusion
Most cells take in glucose by the process of facilitated diffusion
The energy for filtration in the body is provided by blood pressure
Blood pressure in capillaries provides energy for the transport process of filtration
The first step in the formation of urine is the process of filtration
Tissue fluid is formed throughout the body by the process of filtration
The movement of molecules from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration is called diffusion
The natural motion of molecules provides the energy for the process of diffusion
In the lungs and tissues, oxygen and CO2 move by the process of diffusion
The movement of molecules from an area of lesser concentration to an area of greater concentration is called active transport
The energy for the process of active transport is provided by ATP
The cells of the small intestine absorb amino acids by the process of active transport
In nerve and muscle cells, the sodium pumps are an example of the process of active transport
The diffusion of water through a membrane is called osmosis
The kidneys reabsorb water by the process of osmosis
The small intestine absorbs water by the process of osmosis
A solution with a lesser salt concentration than human cells is said to be hypotonic
A solution with a greater salt concentration than human cells is said to be hypotonic
A solution with the same salt concentration as human cells is said to be isotonic
Human cells will take in water and swell if they are placed in a solution that is hypotonic
Human cells will lose water and shrivel if they are placed in a solution that is hypotonic
Stationary cells take in small particles by the process of pinocytosis
Cells that take in small proteins by pinocytosis are found in the kidney
Some cells of the kidney tubules reabsorb small proteins by the process of pinocytosis
Moving cells engulf particles by the process of phagocytosis
White blood cells engulf bacteria by the process of phagocytosis
The human diploid number of chromosomes is 46
The human haploid number of chromosomes is 23
The mature human cells that do not have chromosomes are the The mature human cells that do not have chromosomes are the
The genetic code of a chromosome is found in its DNA
In mitosis, the chromosomes become visible during prophase
In mitosis, the nuclear membrane disappears and the chromosomes coil up during prophase
In mitosis, the centrioles move to opposite poles of the cell during prophase
In mitosis, the spindle fibers form between the centrioles during prophase
In mitosis, the pairs of chromatids line up on the equator of the cell during metaphase
In mitosis, the centromeres of the chromatid pairs divide during metaphase
In mitosis, the spindle fibers contract and pull the sets of chromosomes during anaphase
In mitosis, the two sets of chromosomes are separated during anaphase
In mitosis, two nuclear membranes begin to form during telophase
After mitosis, the division of the cytoplasm is called cytokinesis
The time between mitotic divisions, when the cell's chromosomes duplicate themselves, is called interphase
An organ such as the liver grows in size by the process of mitosis
The stomach can repair its lining by way of the process of mitosis
Growth and repair of body tissues depend on the process of mitosis
The process of meiosis in the testes is called spermatogenesis
Cells that have the potential to become several different kinds of cells are called stem cells
The cell division process that with one division produces two cells is mitosis
The cell division process that with two divisions produces four cells is meiosis
Within cells, the process of protein synthesis takes place on the organelles called ribosomes
In the process of protein synthesis, the original genetic code for a protein is found in the DNA; chromosomes
In the process of protein synthesis, the original genetic code is copied by a molecule called mRNA
In the process of protein synthesis, amino acids are brought to the mRNA by a molecule called tRNA
The copying of the DNA genetic code by mRNA is called transcription
The lining up of amino acids according to the codons of an mRNA molecule to form a protein is called translation
 

 



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