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chapter 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are two components to an atom their components and unit of atom | 1.nucleus:protons and neutron=atom =mass 2.electron cloud:electrons= atom volume |
| Elements in same row and column have same? | Row(period): size Column(group): electronic and chemical properties |
| Orbitals bw first row vs Second row | first: one orbital, shell 1s second: filled first shell of e-, 4 orbitals to accept add of e-. one 2s orbital and three 2p orbital |
| Group number represents number of? | valence e- |
| different e-: p: n: | e: ions p:elements n: isotopes |
| Define isomer | different molecules have same molecular formula |
| S orbital size, number of orbitals and e- fit | sphere, 1, 2e- |
| P orbital size, number of orbitals and e- fit | dumnbell,3, 6e- |
| d orbital size, number of orbitals and e- fit | 4 leaf clover, 5, 10 e- |
| ionic vs covalent bodning | i: transfer e- bw differing electronegative elements c: sharing e- bw 2 nuclei |
| second row bonding rules | 1-3 group elements= corresponding bonds 4+ group elements= octet |
| Fish hook bw double headed arrows | fish: moving one e-, arrow= movment of e- |
| method to find amount of bonds in a element | 1=3 groups correspondence, 4+ group want octet so 8- valence e- |
| method of lone pairs | valence e- - 4 |
| Frormal charge= | # ve- -# of owned atoms |
| owned atoms= | # of unshared e- + 1/2(shared e-) |
| shared vs unshared e- | un: # of e- in a lone pair, shared: bonded e- |
| Longest/shortest element in bond length: longest: Fr, shortest: He | Fr, shortest: He |
| Bond angle | determine shape around any atom bonded to 2 other atoms |
| geometry of atom determined by | #of groups (atoms or lone pair) |
| groups definition according to bond angle | atoms or lone pair |
| Second row arrangements geometry and bond angle for 2,3,4 groups | 2:linear, 180degrees, 3: trigonal planar, 120d, 4: tetrahedral, 109.5d |
| Bond Lenth | average distance bw center of two bonded nuclei in angstroms (pm) |
| Bond length conversion across column | BL increase down column as atom size increases |
| Bond length conversion across row | BL decrease across row as atom size decreases |
| Constitutional isomer | same molecular formula but different dot connects |
| Third row exceptions of octet rule | B= 6e-, Be= 4e-, highly reactive |
| resonance | two lewis structure having same atomic placing but differ e- arrangement |
| double head arrow in resonance | seperate r structures |
| Resonance rules | change multiple bond and nonbonded e-, NOT atom placement and single bonds, same # of unpaired e-, valid l structures |
| polar | one polar bond or two or more bond dipoles that reinforce |
| nonpolar | no polar bond or two or more bond dipoles that cancel bc of equal and opposite in direction |
Created by:
salihim
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