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Pacific Plate
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Andesite Line
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ANTT
Mid term
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Pacific Plate | 1. Pacific Plate is surrounded by the Ring of Fire, zone of earthquakes and volcanoes along the plate’s edge |
| Andesite Line | 1.West of the line r the continental extensions of Australia and Asia 2.Shallow cs 3.Varieties f geology: schists, clays, granites, andesite 4.East of th line, th Pacific plate is char. by volcanic geology, basaltic rock, “stone poor,” n of course dp c |
| 4 island types (volcanic midplate, volcanic plate margin, continental, and coral atolls) | 1.Vlcanic midplte islnds, chains crted b hot spts Hwaiian Islnds 2.Volcanic plte margin islnds, frm alng subuctn znes alng Andesite Line (Solomon Islds) 3.Continental isld Large, complx geolclly 4.Coral atlls. Islds tht subside belw ocean, carbonates |
| Hadley Cell | 1.is the circulation and distribution of this surplus away from the tropics |
| Doldrums or “Horse Lattitude” | 1. The trades meet, cause air to rise up 2. Creates a calm belt along the equator called the doldrums or the “horse latitudes” |
| Monsoons | 1. when summer heats up large land masses, sea air flows in creating massive rains. Important especially close to Asia in the case of larger islands. |
| Typhoons/cyclones | 1.Warm humid air rises and starts to spiral, can be devastating to islands |
| Mid-lattitude westerlies | 1. The Mid-Latitude Westerlies blow below and above 25 degrees latitude 2. These are cool/cold and moist winds 3. Strong influence on New Zealand in the Southern Hemisphere and North American west coast |
| Trade Winds | 1. Trade winds flow 70% of time, mostly up to 25 degrees latitude from the equator 2. In northern hemisphere, clockwise (NE Trades) 3. In southern hemisphere, counter-clockwise (SE Trades) |
| Orographic effect | 1. high islands cause wet windward side and dry leeward side (Big Island Hawai’i) |
| Tsunamis | 1. tropical cyclone |
| Reefs | 1. provide excellent resources of sea life, and calm water |
| Lagoons | 1. Lagoons are enclosed by coral atolls, rich in fish a. Key problem of atoll!! i. Resource poor ii. Freshwater often available only through lenticular freshwater iii. Vulnerable to tsunamis and typhoons/storms |
| Katabatic winds | 1. from the Greek word katabatikos meaning "going downhill", is the technical name for a drainage wind, a wind that carries high density air from a higher elevation down a slope under the force of gravity. Such winds are sometimes also called fall winds. |
| Sahul oEarliest cultures in Sahul In Austral., ppl hunted giant Marsupials up 500 pund heiht 15 ~12,000Y.A. Prob. Ard 40,000 y.a. humans crssed a watr gp of abt 90 km to rch Sahul. | 1.Ovr 150 archeo site 2.Ths r fuly mdern Homosap 3.Lack n coastal sites 4.30,000 y.a, ppl mde a “blind” ocen crsing to Solomon Islds 5.In Austral., ppl hunted giant Marsupials up 500 pund heiht 6.Mamals mamoth 500 pund kngroo |
| Early Near Oceanic Culture | 30,000-3,500 ya ○1Near Oceania ○2Remote Oceania |
| Early Near Oceanic Culture 4 factors | 1.1st aras in the wrld to dvlop agriculture root crops like yams, may be 15,000y.a 2.Moved interiors of islands diversify culturally n linguistically 3.Likely ancestral Melanesian cultures 4.No maritime evident (focus on land resources not sea resource |
| Lapita | 3500-3000 ya (1st voyagers near oceania who are remote oceania) |
| Lapita 1st factor | 1.First Great Voyagers =”Lapita” |
| Lapita culture 1.___________, __________ (ocean) | Maritime focus coastal villages |
| Lapita: _____ _______voyages | long distance |
| Lapita: Mixed economy of ____________ (28 crops) and ______, _____, _____ and _______. | horticulture fishing, pigs, dogs and chickens |
| Lapita: Involved in long distance trade of ______ ________, oven stones, etc.. | pottery obsician |
| Lapita: Had a very recognizable pottery style (________, _____ _____) | stamped, red slip |
| Linguistics and Lapita | a. A ranked or stratified society, words for chief b. Words for canoe parts c. Reconstructed backwards from descendent language of Lapita, had common words |
| The spread of Lapita to Remote Oceania | a. Around 3,200 years ago Lapita voyagers made it to Vanuatu b. By 3,100 BP to Figi a trip over 80km c. 3,00 BP to Tonga and Samoa established colonies and island |
| Ancestral Polynesian Society (2500-2000ya) | 1. By 2,500 yrs ago, a nw clture dvlpd out of the Lapita 2.Colonists to Remote Oceania in Fiji, Tonga, Samoa (Birth land of Amnestan lang.) 3.Spoke Proto-Polynesian 4.Many Polyn. (Descendent of Lapita) cultural traits dvlpd 5.Mix of hrticlture n fish |
| Polynesia expansion (2000-1000 ya) (hint: central polynesia was reached...) | 1. Central Polynesia was reached around 2,200 years ago, started flurry of voyages, from society of marquesan Islands most likely 2. Hawaii and Rapanui (Easter Island around 1,700, 1,500 years ago. |
| Polynesia expansion (2000-1000 ya) (hint: nearly every...) | 3. New Zealand around 1,000 to 800 years ago 4. Nearly every inhabitable island was found and colonized |
| Polynesia expansion (2000-1000 ya) (hint: long distance voyages stopped ....) | 5. Long distance voyages stopped around 1,000years ago the word got back that there were no more islands evidently b/c word got around all Polynesian found all the islands |
| Hokule’a | A modern Waka(the double hulled canoe) |
| Polynesian Voyaging Society | 1. Trip across Polynesia w Micronesian navigator |
Created by:
tjddn8888