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AP Vocab Semester 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Participle | A verb acting as an adjective |
| Infinitive | The root/unconjucated form of a verb |
| Gerund | A noun derived from a verb |
| Active voice | When a subject acts on an object |
| Passive voice | When the object acts on the subject |
| Allusion | An indirect reference |
| Subject | The noun in a sentence that is doing the action |
| Object | The noun in a sentence that the action is being done to |
| Ethos | Fundamental values; an appeal toward right and wrong; ethics |
| Pathos | Emotion; how you draw people in |
| Logos | Logic |
| Aphorism | A quotable statement |
| Etymology | The study of word origin - a division of linguistics |
| Phrase | A sequence of words, less than a sentence or clause |
| Independent clause | Simple sentences that can stand on their own |
| Dependent clause | A clause that has a subject and verb with a dependent clause tacked on that makes it incomplete. |
| Anaphora | The purposeful repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of a sentence or paragraph |
| Epiphany | A sudden realization |
| Tangent | A sudden digression or change in course |
| Paradox | A seemingly contradictory statement that may nonetheless be true |
| Parallel Syntax | When multiple sentences follow the same syntactical order |
| Hyperbole | Exaggerating for dramatic affect |
| Polysyndeton | The inclusion of success/excessive conjugations (ex. Here, AND there, AND everywhere) |
| Asyndeton | Removal of conjugations for effect (ex. I came, I saw, I conquered) |
| Anadiplosis | When the first word of a second clause is the same as the last word of the first clause |
| Chiasmus | Inverting syntax |
| Epanalepsis | opposite of anandiplosis (When the last word of a second clause is the same as the first word of the first clause) |
| Malapropism | misuse of a word, especially one with a similar sound |
| Onomatopoeia | word that sounds like the sound it is describing |
| Zeugma | verb/adjective being applied to two nouns in two ways (ex. the man stole her heart and her wallet) |
| Euphemism | substituting a less offensive word for a harsh one |
| Alliteration | the same letter repeated at the beginning of words or sentences. |
| Parenthetical | Qualifying or explanatory information |
| Prompt | to give rise to or inspire |
| Rhetoric | the art of persuasion through language |
| Red Herring | A purposeful distraction |
| Semantics | discussion of what words actually mean |
| Straw man | argument or opponent set up to be easily defeated |
| Synecdoche | using a part of an item to define the whole thing |
| Metonymy | using something associated with an item to define the whole thing |
| Independent Clause | subject + verb + adjective/object |
| Dependent Clause | Dependent marker + subject + verb + adjective/object |
| Phrases | groups of words that are less than a clause |
| Simple sentence | Composed of an independent clause |
| Complex sentence | Composed of an independent clause + dependent clause |
| Compound sentence | Composed of an independent clause + independent clause (ex. the cat ran fast; the dog was chasing him) |
| Complex-compound sentence | Composed of an independent clause + independent clause + independent clause |
| Loose sentence | Composed of an independent clause + any # of dependent clauses + any # of phrases |
| Ad hominem | an appeal to prejudice and feeling |
| Anastrophe | a purposeful re-ordering of syntactic structure |
| Dialect | a variety of language |
| Distractor | a wrong answer in a multiple choice test meant to look like the real one (but not) |
| Epitaph | a brief literary piece commemorating a deceased person |
| False Analogy | a type of comparison, but used incorrectly |
| Analogy | a type of comparison |
| Polysemy | a word that can be used in multiple situations (ex. He left the bank five minutes ago. He left the bank 15 years ago) |
| Catharsis | Purification of emotion through art |
| Canon | a group of literary works accepted in the field |
| Synaesthesia | the description of one sense by using words reserved for another |
| Paralipsis | The act of calling attention to something by claiming not to |
| Paraphrasis | Making something more complicated than it needs to be, potentially making it difficult to understand |
| Idiom | An expression that makes no sense when dissected |
| Hamartia | Tragic flaw (tragedy is when the individual is their own downfall) |
| Hubris | Excessive pride |
| Synthesis | The combining of several elements to form a whole |
| Citation | Quote, An authoritative sources used for substantiation |
| Anecdote | A short account of a humorous or interesting event |
| Qualitative | Evidence based on opinion or perspective |
| Quantitative | Evidence based on fact |
| Annotation | The act or process of adding commentary or notes |
| Ibid | 'same as the prior reference' |
| Et al | 'and others...' |
| Sic | 'as written' |
| i.e. | id est - that is; provides a definition |
| e.g. | for example - provides examples |
| c. | circa - around, about |
| etc. | and other things, and so on |
| abbr. | abbreviation |
| var. | variant (ex. Ten Little Indians var. And Then there were None) |
| colloq. | colloquialism (ex. don't BUDGE in line for the BUBBLER) |
| Reader response | the true interpretation of the text is whatever the reader decides |
| Affective fallacy | the belief that text is whatever it evokes in the reader |
| Intentional fallacy | the belief that the text is whatever the author intended it to be |
| Rationalism | reason, logic, defined and non-sensory. Descartes |
| Empiricism | Knowing is subjective, sensory - Hume |
| New criticism | close reading, text is wholly insular, literary works stand on their own |
| Structuralism | sign/signifier, everything stands for something more (glass in the wall) |
| Deconstruction | close reading, everything is a text, a theorist must examine textual relationships |
| Syllogism | A form of deductive reasoning consisting of a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion |
| Deductive reasoning | begins with a general hypothesis or known fact and creates a specific conclusion from that generalization |
| Inductive reasoning | begins with a specific hypothesis or known fact and creates a specific conclusion from that generalization |
Created by:
airbear17
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