Help
Options
Question
Cells store energy in the phosphate bonds of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Which best describes the type of energy stored in the bonds of an ATP molecule?
click to flip
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't know
Question
Does passive or active transport require energy?
Remaining cards (159)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Stack #827351
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cells store energy in the phosphate bonds of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Which best describes the type of energy stored in the bonds of an ATP molecule? | chemical energy |
| Does passive or active transport require energy? | active transport |
| During osmosis, water molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of ______ concentration. | Low |
| During the chemical reaction of photosynthesis, what two compounds are the reactants? | Carbon dioxide and water |
| During the chemical reaction of photosynthesis, what two compounds are the products? | Oxygen and carbohydrates (sugars) |
| During the chemical reaction of respiration, what two compounds are the reactants? | Oxygen and carbohydrates (sugars) |
| During the chemical reaction of respiration, what two compounds are the products? | Carbon dioxide and water |
| During photosynthesis, light energy is changed into ______ energy. | chemical |
| Cells store chemical energy in the form of _____. | ATP - Adenosine Triphosphate |
| Cells change ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) from chemical energy into ____________ and ________ energy. | heat, mechanical |
| Polysaccharides (sugars) are made up of individual units called _____________. | monosaccharides |
| Proteins are made of individual units called ___________. | amino acids |
| Nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA are made of individual units called ________. | nucleotides |
| Nitrogen bases that are associated with DNA and RNA nucleotides are _________. | adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine, uracil |
| The sequence of nucleotides that make up a segment of DNA and determine a genetic trait are called _______. | genes |
| An exact copy of DNA is made during __________. | Replication |
| DNA and associated proteins supercoil during cellular replication to become structured as __________________. | chromosomes |
| What part of a cell contains chromosomes? | nucleus |
| Coded genetic information in the form of nucleotide sequences ex. ATGC determines the sequence of ______ _______ in protein synthesis. | amino acids |
| The information needed for protein synthesis is passed from DNA sequence to mRNA sequence during the process of ______________. | transcription |
| Ribosomes read the mRNA sequence to build a protein during the process of _________. | translation |
| ____________brings amino acids to ribosomes to be used to build a protein during the process of translation. | tRNA |
| Every cell in a living thing contains the same DNA code. How then do cells differentiate (become different kinds of cells)? | They only express part of the DNA sequence. (turn segments of DNA "genes" off or on) |
| In base pairings for DNA, adenine pairs with ______________. | thymine |
| In base pairings for DNA, guanine pairs with _____________. | cytosine |
| What are the individual strands of supercoiled DNA that are present during cell division? | chromosomes |
| Some genetic traits are controlled by one gene. What are traits controlled by more than one gene called? | polygenic |
| Some traits are controlled by more than one gene. T or F | True |
| The arctic fox is blue-gray in the summer and white in the winter. What most likely influences this change? | both their genes and the environment |
| Different forms of a gene are known as ______. | alleles |
| Sometimes neither allele is dominant over the other. If alleles have ______________, the phenotypes made by both alleles show up at the same time. Ex. speckled chickens | codominance |
| An allele that is covered up by a dominant allele is known as ____________. | recessive |
| In _____________ reproduction, all of the offspring are exactly the same as the parent. ex. growing a plant from a leaf cutting, strawberry plants sending out runners, blackworms breaking into segments. | asexual |
| _________________ reproduction results in offspring that have a combination of traits from their parents. | sexual |
| What kind of reproduction results in the greatest genetic diversity? | sexual |
| An organism's _______ determines probabilities of how particular alleles will be expressed. | genotype |
| An organism’s ____________ is the actual trait of that organism resulting from the expression of the genotype and the interaction with the environment. | phenotype |
| Can Punnett Squares or parents genotype predict the actual outcomes of genetic crosses? | No. They are a prediction of the traits of offspring. Ex. There is a 50/50 chance of having a boy or girls but some families are all boys some are all girls. |
| ___________ are permanent changes in genetic code, which may benefit, but are more likely to harm, an organism. | mutations |
| The _________ of a mutation in the genetic code and the timing of the occurrence of the mutation determine its significance in affecting a trait. | location, Ex. may code for the same amino acid during translation and be fine |
| Given dominant-recessive information of parents a ___________ ___________ can be used to predict traits of offspring. | Punnett Square |
| During an investigation, tall pea plants were crossed with short pea plants. All of the offspring from this cross were tall. Which term best describes the tall trait for the pea plants? | dominant |
| _________________is the original source of energy for most types of organisms on Earth. | Electomagnetic enegy from the sun |
| Energy stored in combustible fuels such as petroleum came from __________________. | Petroleum comes from ancient plants that obtained their chemical energy from the electromagnetic energy of the sun. |
| __________ use light energy to produce their own food for energy. | Plants |
| ___________ extract chemical energy stored in food materials originally synthesized by plants. | Animals |
| What is the primary form in which energy is first taken in by plants and the primary form in which energy is first taken in by animals? | Plants take in light energy, and animals take in chemical energy. |
| Another name for organisms such as plants that make their own food is ________. | producer |
| Another name for organisms that consume other organisms for energy is _________. | consumer |
| An organism that breaks organic material into its simplest compounds is known as a _____________. | decomposer |
| The only true decomposers are _________ and _____________. | fungi and bacteria |
| Why is only 10% of the energy at a given trophic level of a food web available to the next trophic level? | most of the energy is lost as heat |
| Most of the species that have ever existed on Earth are now ____________. | extinct |
| The process whereby those individuals of a species best adapted to survive are the ones most likely to survive andreproduce, thereby passing their beneficial traits on to their offspring. | natural selection |
| If the environment changes, a species can adapt or ______________. | go extinct |
| Give an example of a trait that is a result of artificial selection. | short legs in a breed of dog |
| Give an example of a trait that is a result of natural selection. | thick fur on a polar bear |
| What are the steps of the water cycle? | evaporation, condensation,precipitation, runoff, also related transpiration, respiration, and photosynthesis |
| When plants lose water from their leaves? | transpiration |
| Two wast products given off during respiration would be _________ and _________. | carbon dioxide and water |
| What provides the energy that drives the water cycle? | solar energy - evaporates water to start the process |
| Which process in the water cycle directly increases in rate as the intensity of infrared solar radiation increases in an area? | evaporation |
| _________________ is determined by the availability of matter and energy, and the ability of the ecosystem to recycle materials. | carrying capacity |
| How does your body respond to cold? | shivering |
| How does your body respond to heat? | blood vessels dilate, sweating |
| A decrease in predator population will _____ the prey population. | increase |
| What do the arrows in a food chain represent? | transfer of energy |
| For a species to survive, they must _____ to a changing environment. | adapt |
| Energy released during the series of reactions that take place during respiration is stored in the chemical bonds of ________. molecules. | ATP (adenosine triphosphate) |
| ATP is produced in the ___________. | mitochondria |
| Larger food molecules (i.e., complex carbohydrates, fats, and proteins) are broken down during digestion into basic subunits (i.e., simple sugars, fatty acids, or amino acids) that can be used directly for ______________ ____________. | cellular respiration |
| Basic animal instincts, such as searching for food, reproduction, caring for young, as examples of _________ behavior. | innate |
| Name three instinctive reactions to seasonal change. | hibernation, migration, color change |
| Which is the most learned and the least innate in male sparrows? singing patterns, coloration of feathers, location of food sources, aggression during mating season | location of food sources |
| The current accepted age of Earth is about ____________ years. | 4.5 billion |
| ________ dating and relative dating (i.e., stratigraphy, fossils) are used to estimate the time rocks were formed. | Radioactive |
| Earth changes can be __________(during a human’s lifetime), such as earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, or ________ (over a geological time scale),such as mountain building and plate movements. | short term, long term |
| The Earth’s atmosphere has changed over time. For example, the dramatic changes in Earth’s atmosphere (i.e., introduction of O2), was caused by the emergence of __________ life on Earth. | photosynthetic |
| What may be an explanation for the presence of sedimentary rock in Kansas? | presence of an inland sea |
| Large scale clear-cutting of forests near a heavily populated area would most likely result in a local increase in which atmospheric gas? | Carbon dioxide |
| What charge is a proton? | positive |
| Where are protons located? | nucleus of the atom |
| What charge is an electron? | negative |
| Where are electrons located? | energy levels |
| What charge is a neutron? | no charge |
| Where are neutrons located? | nucleus of the atom |
| What does the atomic number on a periodic table represent? | number of protons |
| The number of protons in a neutral atom also equal the number of _________. | electrons |
| How do you calculate the number of neutrons in an atom? | Atomic mass (protons + neutrons) - atomic # (protons) |
| A neutral atom of gold (Au) has a mass number of 197 and has 118 neutrons. How many electrons does this gold atom have? | 79 electrons |
| Materials made of one kind of atom are ______. | elements |
| Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons are called _______. | isotopes |
| electron clouds of the current atomic model represent the __________ of finding electrons in various locations. | probabilities |
| The size of an atom ___________ as you go down a group on the periodic table (increasing number of electrons) and to the right across a period on the periodic table. (increasing number of protons and electrostatic attraction) | increases |
| Electron clouds of the current atomic model represent the _________ of finding electrons in various locations. | probabilities |
| Elements in the same group have the same number of ___________ electrons. | valence |
| _________ _______ indicate the energy level of the outermost (valence) electrons. | Period numbers |
| Elements to the left of the zigzag line on the periodic table are called _______. | metals |
| Elements to the right of the zigzag line on the periodic table are called _______. | nonmetals |
| Elements touching the zigzag line on the periodic table are called ______. | metalloids |
| Elements in Group 18. (our group 8) are known as the ______ ______. | noble gases |
| Elements that occupy the middle of the periodic table Groups 3-12. | transition elements |
| Elements are placed on the periodic table in order of __________ _________. (later found to show a repeating patter of electron configuration) | atomic number |
| Positively charged ions are called _____. | cations |
| Negatively charged ions are called _____. | anions |
| Most cations are _______. | metals |
| Most anions are _______. | nonmetals |
| Molecules result when two or more nonmetals form ______ bonds by sharing one or more pairs of electrons. | covalent |
| Ionic compounds exist mainly in the ______ state. | solid |
| Substances on the left side of a chemical equation are known as __________. | reactants |
| Substances on the right side of a chemical equation are known as _________. | products |
| What causes Earth's tectonic plates to move? | convection currents in the mantle |
| Name the evidence used to support the theory of continental drift. | jigsaw puzzle fit of continents and matching rock formations, locating similar fossils where coastlines appear to have drifted apart, magnetic striping of ocean floors at mid-oceanic ridges |
| Where do the majority of earthquakes and volcanoes occur? | at plate boundaries |
| Type of plate boundary formed by two lithospheric plates pulling apart. | divergent |
| Type of plate boundary formed by two lithospheric plates coming together. | convergent |
| Type of plate boundary formed by two lithospheric plates sliding past each other. | transform |
| What forms at divergent plate boundaries? | rift valleys, mid-ocean ridges, volcanoes occur at both of these locations |
| What forms at a convergent plate boundary between two continental plates? | mountain ranges |
| What forms at a convergent plate boundary between an oceanic plate and a continental plate? | the oceanic plate subducts under the continental plate and volcanoes form |
| What occurs at slip (transform) boundaries? | earthquakes, displaces surface features |
| What causes Earth's tides? | gravitational pull between the Earth, Moon and Sun (Moon is the biggest factor) |
| What causes Earth's seasons? | tilt of the Earth on its axis |
| Does the Earth get closer to the Sun during the Summer and further away in the Winter? | NO! Distance does not cause the seasons. |
| What type of reactions result in the energy produced by stars? | fusion |
| Increasing gravitational forces caused by increasing density of stellar matter can cause stars to collapse resulting in the formation of ______ or ______. | neutron stars or black holes |
| According to a Hertzsprung-Russell diagram (H-R diagram), 90% of all stars, inculding the Sun, are ______________stars. | main sequence |
| Within the main sequence stars, surface temperature increases as _________ _______ increases. | absolute brightness |
| Low-mass stars such as our Sun become ______ ________. | Red giants |
| A red giant grows even larger and the outer parts of the star drift out into space, forming a glowing cloud of gas called a _______ ___________. | planetary nebula |
| The blue-white core of a star left behind after a planetary nebula cools and becomes a very dense _______ ________. | white dwarf |
| After a white dwarf stops glowing it is called a ________ _______. | black dwarf |
| High mass stars quickly become ________. | supergiants |
| When a supergiant runs out of fuel, it can explode suddenly resulting in a ____________. | supernova |
| After a supergiant explodes, some of the material that is left behind may form a _______ ________, which are even smaller and denser than white dwarfs. | neutron star |
| The most massive stars-those having more than 40 times the mass of the sun-may become a ________ an object with gravity so strong that nothing, not even light can escape. | black hole |
| Where is the moon located during a full moon? | between Earth and Mars |
| Where is the moon located during a new moon? | between Earth and the Sun |
| What happens to the visible portion of the moon if it is waning? | getting smaller |
| What happens to the visible portion of the moon if it is waxing? | getting bigger |
| All objects accelerate towards earth at 9.8 m/s2 due to the force of __________. | gravity |
| Gravitational pull increases with an increase in ___________ and decreases with an increase in ___________. | mass, distance |
| The measurement of gravitational pull between two objects is known as _________. | weight |
| The measure of the amount of matter in an object is known as _________. | mass |
| Inertia is dependent on an object's _______. | mass |
| An object's ______ is constant but its _______ may change depending on its location. | mass, weight |
| Objects in motion stay in motion unless acted upon by an outside force. What forces on Earth keep objects from staying in motion? | friction and air resistance |
| What does the slope on a distance-time graph represent? | speed |
| For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. If you push on a wall with 10 Newtons of force, with how much force does the wall push back on you? | 10 Newtons |
| ______________ is speed with a direction. | Velocity |
| Type of energy extracted from food by your body. | chemical |
| Type of energy that a book on a shelf contains. | potential |
| Type of energy that a moving swing contains. | kinetic |
| What energy transformations take place in a flash light? | battery = chemical energy to electrial energy in the wires to light and heat energy of the bulb |
| What energy transformations take place in a car? | chemical energy of gasoline to heat energy of gasoline vapors being ignited in the pistons of the engine to mechanical energy of the car moving. |
| _________ is the total kinetic energy of particles in a substance. | Heat |
| __________ is proportional to the average kinetic energy of particles in a substance. | temperature |
| Energy is neither created nor destroyed. In a closed system, even if the energy undergoes a transormation (ex. chemical to heat) the total amount of energy in the system stays the __________. | same |
| _______ = force X displacement (distance moved) | Work |
| _______ = work / time | Power |
Created by:
delpj