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Chemistry Chapter 2
General Chemistry
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| law of conservation of mass | the total mass remains constant during a chemical reaction |
| law of definite proportions | all samples have the same composition or all samples have the same proportions, by mass of all the elements present. |
| law of multiple proportions | when two or more different compounds of the same two elements are compared, the masses of one element that combine with a fixed mass of the second element are in the ratio of small whole numbers. |
| Dalton's Atomic Theory | Proposed in 1803 to explain the law of conservation of mass, law of definite proportions, and law of multiple proportions |
| isotopes | atoms that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons are called isotopes |
| atomic number | the number of protons in the nucleus of a given atom of a given element |
| mass number | is an integral number that is the sum of the numbers of protons and neutrons in an atom. |
| nomenclature | is the method for naming compounds and writing formulas for compounds |
| molecular formula | gives the number of each kind of atom in a molecule |
| empirical formula | simply gives the (whole number) ratio of atoms of elements in a compound |
| cation | has a positive charge from loss of electrons |
| anion | has a negative charge from gain of electrons |
| ionic compound | oppositely charged ions are attracted to each other such that the compound has no net charge |
| formula unit | the simplest collection of cations and anions that represents an electrically neutral unit |
| polyatomic ion | a charged group of covalently bonded atoms |
| acids | -taste sour if diluted with enough water to be tasted safely -react with metals to produce ionic compounds and hydrogen gas -also react with bases, thus losing their acidic properties |
| Hydrates | an ionic compound in which the formula unit includes a fixed number of water molecules associated with cations and anions |
| bases | -taste bitter if diluted with enough water -feel slippery or soapy on the skin -turns color from red to blue -reacts with acids, thus losing their basic properties |
| Arrhenius acid | is a compound that ionizes in water to form a solution H+ ions and anions |
| Arrhenius base | is a compound that ionizes in water to form solutions of OH- and cations |
| Neutralization | the process of an acid reacting with base to form water and a salt |
| salt | the combination of the cation from a base and the anion from the acid |
| Hydrocarbons | molecules that contain only hydrogen and carbon atoms |
| Alkanes | are saturated (have the maximum number of hydrogen atoms possible for the number of carbon atoms) |
| Isomers | compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulas |
| organic chemistry | the study of carbon and its compounds |
| functional group | an atom or group of atoms attached to the hydrocarbon chain, which confers particular physical and/or chemical properties upon the compound |
| Alcohol | functional group is a hydroxyl group attached to the carbon chain |
| Carboxylic acids | have a caboxyl group attached to the carbon chain. Acidic |
| atomic mass | given on the periodic table and is the weighted average of the masses of the naturally occurring isotopes of that element. |
Created by:
khczopek
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