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AQA C2 CHEM (SVS)
SVS severn vale docshort
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ACID | contains H+ ions |
| ACTIVATION ENERGY | the minimum amount of energy required for a successful reaction to happen |
| ADDITIVE | substances added to food to enhance flavour, colour, shelf- life |
| ALKALI | soluble base |
| ALLOY | mixtures of metals or mixtures of metal with a non-metal (e.g. Steel is Iron & Carbon) |
| ANHYDROUS | water is absent in the crystal product (e.g anhydrous Copper Sulphate is white) |
| ANODE | positive electrode. Negative ions attracted to it |
| AQUEOUS SOLUTION | a solution that contains water as the solvent |
| ATOMIC NUMBER | number of protons or electrons an element has |
| BASE | substance that will neutralise an acid |
| BAUXITE | an ore that contains Aluminium |
| BRINE | Aqueous solution of salt (Sodium Chloride) and water |
| CATALYST | speeds up reaction, lowers activation energy, usually a transition metal |
| CATHODE | negative electrode in electrolysis. Positive ions attracted to it |
| CHROMATOGRAPHY | a method for separating different mixtures of chemicals based on their properties (e.g. solubility) |
| CLOSED SYSTEM | where reactants or products cannot escape |
| COLLISION THEORY | describes how particles behave in a reaction |
| CONCENTRATION | the ‘amount’ of substance |
| CORROSION | electrochemical reaction between a material, usually a metal, and its environment that produces a deterioration of the material |
| COVALENT | electrons are shared between non-metals |
| CRYOLITE | lowers the melting point of Aluminium Oxide |
| DECOMPOSE | break down into simpler compounds or elements |
| DELOCALISED | where electrons are free to move within structure, allows a charge to be carried |
| DIAMOND | Giant covalent – made from C atoms |
| DUCTILE | able to be drawn into thin wires |
| ELECTROLYSIS | splitting IONIC compounds into ions using electricity |
| ELECTROLYTE | the solution electrolysis is carried out in |
| ELECTRON | orbits nucleus, has negative charge |
| ELECTRON SHELL | electrons fill shells in the sequence 2,8,8,2. |
| ELECTROPLATING | Coat (a metal object) by electrolytic deposition with another metal |
| ELECTROSTATIC ATTRACTION | attraction between ions with opposite charges |
| EMPIRICAL FORMULA | simplest ratio of atoms in a compound |
| ENDOTHERMIC | a reaction which takes in heat energy from its surroundings |
| ENZYME | a biological catalyst |
| EQUILIBRIUM | A ‘balance’ in a reversible reaction between reactants and products |
| EXOTHERMIC | a reaction which releases heat energy |
| FORMULA MASS | atomic masses added together |
| FULLERENES | A form of carbon having a large spheroidal molecule consisting of a hollow cage of atoms |
| GRAPHITE | Giant covalent. Made of C atoms. Layers can slide over each other. Has delocalised electrons |
| HYDRATED | when water is present in the crystal (e.g. Hydrated Copper Sulphate is Blue) |
| HYDROXIDE | ions that make a substance alkali |
| INDICATOR | changes colour according to the pH of the solution |
| INSOLUBLE | will not dissolve in water |
| INTERMOLECULAR FORCE | weak force between simple molecules |
| ION | an atom that has a charge (because it has lost or gained an electron) |
| IONIC | electrons are lost or gained between metal and non-metal atoms |
| ISOTOPE | atom of same element with different numbers of neutrons |
| LATTICE | a 3-D structure of bonds |
| MACROMOLECULE | a large molecular structure (e.g giant covalent) |
| MALLEABLE | metal atoms can slide past each other so metals can be shaped |
| MASS (Mr) | the formula mass of a compound |
| MASS SPECTROMETRY | detects the mass or charge of chemicals in a substance |
| MOLE | formula mass of a compound or atomic mass of an atom |
| MOLECULAR ION PEAK | the peak in a spectrum corresponding to the mass of the molecular weight of the compound |
| MOLTEN | liquefied by heat- ions are free to move |
| MONOMER | an alkene unit used to form polymers |
| NANOTECHNOLOGY | very very small scale (10-9) |
| NEUTRAL | pH of 7 |
| NEUTRALISATION | reaction when an acid reacts completely with a base |
| NITRATES | salts formed by the reation of Nitric Acid with a base |
| NUCLEUS | centre of the atom – contains protons and neutrons |
| NEUTRON | has no charge and a mass of 1. Found in the nucleus |
| OXIDATION | the loss of electrons |
| pH | a measure of the concentration of Hydrogen ions |
| PHOTOSYNTHESIS | chemical reaction that produces glucose and oxygen from water carbon dioxide and light energy |
| POLYMER | a long chain of single bond repeating monomer units |
| PRECIPITATE | when you get a solid formed in solution |
| PRODUCT | what is made in a chemical reaction (on right hand side of equation) |
| PROTON | has a positive charge. Found in the nucleus. Mass of 1 |
| REACTANT | the reacting chemicals in a reaction (on left side of equation) |
| REACTION RATE | how fast the reaction happens |
| REDOX | a reaction where oxidation and reduction happen |
| REDUCTION | the gain of electrons |
| REVERSIBLE | reaction can go forwards and backwards (double arrows) |
| RESPIRATION | chemical reaction that produces carbon dioxide and water from glucose and oxygen (reverse of photosynthesis) |
| RETENTION TIME | the amount of time taken from the injection of a sample into a Gas Chromatography machine to the recording of the maximum peak in the sample |
| REVERSIBLE REACTION | where the reactants make the products and products can re-form the reactants |
| SOLUBLE | dissolves in water |
| SOLUTE | substance being dissolved |
| SOLUTION | mixture of solvent and solute |
| SULFATES | salts formed when Sulfuric Acid reacts with a base |
| SUSTAINABLE | using resources without affecting the ability of people in the future to use those resources |
| THERMAL DECOMPOSITION | breaking down into simpler compounds using heat |
| THERMOSOFTENING | polymers that can be re-heated and re-moulded |
| THERMOSETTING | once set, these polymers cannot be remoulded |
| TRANSITION METALS | middle block of metals in the Periodic Table |
| YIELD | the amount of product you make in a reaction |
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