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Elem Stats ch 4
A Brief Version: Elementary Statistics ch 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Probability Experiment | A chance process that leads to well-defined results called outcomes. |
| Outcome | The result of a single trial of a probability experiment. |
| Sample Space | The set of all possible outcomes of a probability experiment. |
| Tree Diagram | A device consisting of line segments emanating from a starting point and also from the outcome point. It is used to determine all possible outcomes of a probability experiment. |
| Event | Consists of a set of outcomes of a probability experiment. |
| Simple Event | An event with one outcome. |
| Compound Event | Consists of two or more outcomes or simple events. |
| Equally Likely Events | Events that have the same probability of occurring. |
| Classical Probability | Assumes that all outcomes in the sample space are equally likely to occur. |
| Probability Rule 1 | The probability of any event E is a number (either a fraction or decimal) between and including 0 and 1. |
| Probability Rule 2 | If an event E cannot occur (i.e., the event contains no members in the sample space), its probability is 0. |
| Probability Rule 3 | If an event E is certain, then the probability of E is 1. |
| Probability Rule 4 | The sum of the probabilities of all the outcomes in the sample space is 1. |
| Complement of an Event E | The set of outcomes in the sample space that are not included in the outcomes of event E. |
| Empirical Probability | Relies on actual experience to determine the likelihood of outcomes. |
| Law of Large Numbers | When a probability experiment is repeated a large number of times, the relative frequency probability of an outcome will approach its theoretical probability. |
| Subjective Probability | Uses a probability value based on an educational guess or estimate, employing opinions and inexact information. |
| Mutually Exclusive Events | Two events cannot occur at the same time. |
| Addition Rule 1 | When two events A and B are mutually exclusive, the probability that A or B will occur is P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B). |
| Addition Rule 2 | If A and B are not mutually exclusive, then P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A and B). |
| Independent Events | If there are two events A and B, and if A occurs it does not affect the probability of B occurring. |
| Multiplication Rule 1 | When two events are independent, the probability of both occurring is P(A and B) = P(A)P(B) |
| Dependent Events | When the outcome or occurrence of the first event affects the outcome or occurrence of second event in such a way that the probability is changed. |
| Conditional Probability | An event B in relationship to an event A is the probability that event B occurs after event A has already occurred. |
| Multiplication Rule 2 | When two events are dependent, the probability of both occurring is P(A and B) = P(A) x P(B|A). |
| Fundamental Counting Rule | A rule that is used to determine the total number of possibilities in a sequence of events. |
| n! = | n(n-1)(n-2).....1 |
| 0! = | 1 |
| Permutation | An arrangement of n objects in a specific order. |
| Combination | A selection of distinct objects without regard to order. |
Created by:
dengler
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