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CHEM 177-Test One
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Composition | the kinds of atoms the matter contains |
| Atoms | the almost infinitesimally small building blocks of matter |
| Property | any characteristic that allows us to recognize a particular type of matter and to distinguish it from other types |
| Matter | the physical material of the universe; it is anything that has mass and occupies space |
| States of Matter | -Solid -Liquid -Gas |
| Molecules | two or more atoms are joined together in specific shapes |
| Structure | the arrangement of atoms |
| Solid | has both definite shape and a definite volume |
| Liquid | has a distinct volume independent of its container but has not specific shape |
| Gas/Vapor | no fixed volume or shape |
| Mixtures | combinations of two or more substances in which each substance retains its own chemical identity |
| Compounds | substances composed of two or more elements |
| Pure Substance | is matter that has distinct properties and a composition that does not vary from sample to sample |
| Physical Properties | can be observed without changing the identity and composition of the substance |
| Law of Constant Composition/Definite Proportions | the observation that the elemental composition of a pure compound is always the same |
| Solutions | a mixture of substances that has a uniform composition; a homogeneous mixture |
| Elements | a substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by chemical means |
| Chemical Properties | describe the way a substance may change, or react, to form other substances |
| Physical Change | changes that occur with no change in chemical composition |
| Extensive Properties | a property that depends on the amount of material considered; for example, mass or volume |
| Intensive Properties | a property that is independent of the amount of material considered; for example, density |
| Changes of State | transformations of matter from one state to a different one, for example, from a gas to a liquid |
| Chemical Change/Chemical Reaction | processes in which one or more substances are converted into other substances |
| C | Carbon |
| F | Fluorine |
| H | Hydrogen |
| I | Iodine |
| N | Nitrogen |
| O | Oxygen |
| P | Phosphorus |
| S | Sulfur |
| Al | Aluminum |
| Br | Bromine |
| Ca | Calcium |
| Cl | Chlorine |
| He | Helium |
| Li | Lithium |
| Mg | Magnesium |
| Si | Silicon |
| Cu | Copper |
| Fe | Iron |
| Pb | Lead |
| Hg | Mercury |
| K | Potassium |
| Ag | Silver |
| Na | Sodium |
| Sn | Tin |
| Significant Figures | the digits that indicate the precision with which a measurement is made; all digits of a measured quantity are significant, including the last digit, which is uncertain |
| Precision | the closeness of agreement among several measurements of the same quantity; the reproducibility of a measurement |
| Metric System | a system of measurement used in science and in most countries. The meter and the gram are example of metric units |
| Mass | a measure of the amount of material in an object. It measures the resistance of an object to be moved. In SI units, mass is measured in kilograms |
| Kelvin Scale | the absolute temperature scale; the SI unit for temperature is the Kelvin. Zero on the Kelvin scale corresponds to -273.15 C; therefore, K = C + 273.15 |
| Accuracy | a measure of how closely individual measurements agree with the correct value |
| SI Units | the preferred metric units for use in science |
| Celsius Scale | a temperature scale on which water freezes at 0 degrees and boils at 100 degrees at sea level |
| Density | the ratio of an object's mass to its volume |
| Dimensional Analysis | a method of problem solving in which units are carried through all calculations. Dimensional analysis ensures that the final answer of a calculation has the desired units |
| Conversion Factor | a ratio relating the same quantity in two systems of units that is used to convert the units of measurement |
Created by:
kmhyden
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