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Chem 121 Exam 1
Chemistry
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| composition and changes in composition of matter; studies energy and energy changes associated with matter | chemistry |
| structure of matter has to do with | composition |
| properties of matter have to do with | characteristics |
| changes in composition and energy of matter | reactions |
| the study of matter with a minimum element content of carbon and hydrogen | organic chemistry |
| carbon plus hydrogen are called | hydrocarbon |
| carbon plus hydrogen plus any additional elements are called | hydrocarbon derivatives |
| the study of matter that does not include both carbon and hydrogen | inorganic chemistry |
| scientific method steps (4): 1.observe 2.hypothesize 3.experiment 4. | theorize |
| anything that has mass and volume | matter |
| tentative explanation, provides a basis for further explanation | hypothesis |
| well-established explanation of observations made after many experiments | theory |
| simple statement (not an explanation) of a phenomenom to which no exceptions are known to exist at this time | scientific law |
| air is/is not invisible matter | is |
| matter that has definite shape, definite volume and particles stick close together | solids |
| solids can be either crystalline __ amorphous | or |
| particles lack a regular internal arrangement and no specific melting point in ________ solids; without shape or form | amorphous |
| particles exist in regular, repeating three-dimensional geometric arrangements with a specific melting point in ________ solids | crystalline |
| anything observed & described using words (physical state, color, texture, formation of a gas, production of light or fire) | qualitative data |
| anything that can be measured & described in numbers (temperature, size, volume, mass) | quantitative data |
| matter that has definite volume, indefinite shape, particles are close together allowing for shape to change, but have strong attractive forces; atom able to move throughout | liquid |
| matter that has an indefinite volume, indefinite shape, and particles are very widely spaced and not held together by chemical bonds; lots of energy | gas |
| The observation, identification, description, experimental investigation, and theoretical explanation of natural phenomena | science |
| Define the problem by recognizing it and stating it clearly. | observation |
| Actual volume vs. occupied space of a gas is larger/smaller. | smaller |
| Attractive forces between particles in a gas are extremely _______ therefore, particles move almost independently of each other. | weak |
| A particular kind of matter that has a fixed composition and distinct properties that gives it a unique id. | substance |
| Ammonia, water and oxygen are examples of | substances |
| Matter that is uniform in appearance and with uniform properties throughout; i.e. pure gold, ice, soda. | homogeneous matter |
| Matter with two or more distinct phases. | heterogeneous |
| Ice water, wood and blood are examples of | heterogeneous matter |
| A homogenous part of a system separated from other parts by physical boundaries; i.e. a homogenous part of a system separated from other parts by physical boundaries. | phase |
| Matter containing 2 or more SUBSTANCES present in variable amounts; can be homogeneous or heterogeneous. | mixture |
| A homogeneous mixture of 2 or more substances. It has one phase. | solution |
| Sugar and water are an example of an _______ _______. Before the sugar and water are mixed, each is a separate phase. After mixing the sugar is evenly dispersed throughout the volume of the water. | homogeneous mixture |
| A heterogeneous mixture has __ or more phases. | 2 |
| Sugar and fine white sand together are an example of an _____ ______. The amount of sugar relative to sand can be varied. The sugar and sand each retain their own properties. | heterogeneous mixture |
| Mixing iron & sulfur does not form iron (II) sulfide. 2 phases are: a sulfur phase & an iron phase. When heated a chemical reaction occurs & iron (II) sulfide is formed. FeS is a _____& has none of the properties of iron or sulfur. | compound |
| The compound can only be separated by ________ change. | chemical |
| Ice water: one substance, two | phases |
| A _________ is a characteristic of a substance. | property |
| The inherent characteristics of a substance that are determined without changing its composition; i.e. color, taste, physical state, melting & boiling points | physical property |
| Describe the ability of a substance to form new substances, either by reaction with other substances or by decomposition. | chemical property |
| Changes in physical properties (such as size, shape, and density) or changes in the state of matter without an accompanying change in composition; no new substances are formed. | physical change |
| Examples of ______ ______: change of ice into water, tearing of paper, change of water into steam, heating platinum wire, boiling of water sawing of wood, heating of glass. | physical changes |
| Changes of chemical properties where new substances are formed that have different properties & composition from the original material. | chemical changes |
| When copper and O2 combine,the copper (II) oxide is a new substance with properties that are different from the original _______. | copper |
| Water _________ into hydrogen and oxygen when electrolyzed. | decomposes |
| Rusting of iron, boiling of an egg, burning of sulfur in the air, combustion of gasoline, digestion of food, burning of wood formation of copper (II) oxide are all examples of a _______ ________ | chemical change |
| No change is observed in the total mass of the substances involved in a chemical change. | conservation of mass |
| Mechanical, chemical, electrical, heat, nuclear, radiant are examples of | energy |
| The heat released when gasoline burns is associated with a decrease in its chemical ________ _________. | potential energy |
| A bouncing ball, the running man, a flag waving in the wind are all examples of ________ ________. | kinetic energy |
| A form of energy associated with the motion of particles of matter. | heat |
| A measure of the intensity of heat or how hot a system is regardless of its size. | temperature |
| Energy can be neither created nor destroyed, though it can be transformed from one form of energy to another form of energy. | Law of the Conservation of Energy |
| there are 3 ways to classify matter: 1.physical state 2.appearance 3. | composition |
| salt, sugar, quartz, metals | crystalline solids |
| glass, butter, chocolate, lard | amorphous solids |
| A ______ ________ may be either homogeneous or heterogeneous; i.e. ice water is a heterogeneous one of these. | pure substance |
| A fundamental or elementary substance that cannot be broken down by chemical means to simpler substances. | element |
| the smallest particle of an element | atom |
| Metals have little/a great tendency to combine with each other to form compounds, but many readily combine with nonmetals such as chlorine, oxygen, sulfur. | little |
| Metals mixed with one another to form _____: brass, bronze, steel, coinage metals. | alloys |
| Less/more reactive metals: copper, gold, silver sometimes found as pure. | less |
| _________ are composed of more reactive metals combined with other elements. | Minerals |
| carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, noble gases are common _______ found in nature | nonmetals |
Created by:
MKC