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science: 8
final exam for Science 8
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| kinetic molecular theory | explanation of the way molecules behave on different circumstances |
| why do dissolved molecules stay dissolved | water molecules bounce against sugar molecules, keeping them afloat |
| 3 states of matter | solid,gas,liquid |
| melting point | solid turns to liquid |
| boiling point | liquid turns to gas |
| increase heat of molecules | molecules move faster, more space between them, matter expands, more energy |
| decrease heat of molecules | molecules move slower, less space between them, matter contracts, remove energy |
| matter | anything with mass and volume |
| solid | state of matter with a definite shape and volume |
| liquid | state of matter with no definite shape, but a definite volume |
| gas | state of matter with no definite shape or volume |
| heating a solid | energy is added so molecules vibrate faster, you know because the temperature increases if enough energy is dded the molecules will vibrate fast enough to break the bonds and become liquid |
| heating a liquid | energy is added so molecules flow faster, you know because the temperature increases, if it is hot enough the will move fast enough to become gas |
| heating a gas | energy is added so the molecules "fly" faster, you know because the temperature increases |
| evaporation | molecules from surface of liquid go into the air |
| vaporization | molecules from inside the liquid go into the air |
| in a phase change energy is still being added but the temperature stays the same because | the molecules are changing from one state to another |
| Mass | the amount of matter in an object, stays the same everywhere, measured in kg, best measured with a balance scale |
| force | q push or pull that acts on an object, measured in newtons |
| weight | the amount of force on an object due to gravity, depends on where you are in the universe, measured with a spring scale, measured in newtons |
| gravity | the attractive force between objects with mass, measured in m/s2 |
| the six things force can do to objects | start movement, stop movement, change shape, change direction of movement, speed up movement, slow down movement |
| equal force | if equal forces are applied in opposite directions, the object doesn't move |
| unequal forces | if unequal forces are applied in opposite directions, the object will move |
| density | the amount of matter in an object compared to how big it is, more molecules=denser, stays the same all the time except for stage changes |
| why did the can implode? | the outside force was bigger than the inside force (to explode it is reversed) |
| balance scale | uses a known mass to find an unknown mass, like a teeter-totter |
| what is the gravity on earth? | 9.8m/s2 |
| volume | stays the same except for stage changes, the amount of space taken up by a substance or object, measured in mL |
| pressure | the amount of force acting over a given area on an object, p= force divided by area |
| area | length X width, the amount of surface space covered by an object |
| deformation | a change of shape without being forced into a smaller volume |
| compression | a decrease in volume produced by a force, pascal= P kilo pascal=kPa, 1000P=1kPa, gas is easy to compress because there is room for them but not much for liquid and solid |
| desity of water | 1g/mL |
| solid to liquid | melting |
| solid to gas | sublimation |
| liquid to solid | freezing |
| liquid to gas | vaporization |
| gas to liquid | condensation |
| gas to solid | deposition |
| equation pyramid | mass over density and volume, mary died violently |
| equation pyramid | weight over mass and gravity, wally made goodies |
| wave length | length of one wave from crest to trough |
| electromagnetic spectrum | radio, micro, infrared, visable light, ultra violet, x-ray (gamma |
| light | a form of electromagnetic energy we can see (visable),travels in straight lines and packets called photons, no mass, measured in manometers (nm) |
| radio waves | sound travel, can't see,safe, used for communication and radio towers, lowest frequency |
| microwaves | type of radio wave, shortest wave length of a radio wave, warms things from inside out, in cell pones and wifi |
| infrared waves | wavelength longer than visable light, but shorter than radio, see in dark, see heat, in remote controls and night vision goggles |
| visable light | humans can see, safe, wavelenght loonger than x-ray, but shorter than infrared, all the colors of the rainbow put together make white light, we know because prisms split white light and 2 more can combine them together again |
| x-ray | wavelength shorter and higher energy frequency than ultraviolet, used in x-rays, see through soft tissue, cause cancer because it is strong enough to go through soft tissue and change DNA, but can't go further |
| x-ray gamma | from supernovas, nuclear bombs, sun, and uranium, highest energy and frequency, shortest wavelength, kills cancer |
| as we go up the electromagnetic spectrum | the frequency (energy) is higher and the wavelength is shorter, lower frequency=less dangerous |
| prism | refracts light, separating colors, 2 more can recombine the colors making white light, water droplets also refract light |
| why can we see color | the light bounces onto a green object and the object absorbs all the colors except for green which it bounces back to our eyes. |
| blue looks black without light because.. | there is no light to reflect off of it |
| wave model of light | explanation of light behavior, pictures light travelling as a wave |
| refraction | bending of a wave as it passes from one material with a density to another with a different density |
| reflection | visable light strikes an object and bounces off |
| sir issac newton | discovered the visable light spectrum |
| why can you see a candle across a room but you can't read by it? | because when you are too far away the light ray cannot reflect off the book and bounce back to our eyes |
| slope= | rise divided by run |
Created by:
studystack11
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