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Integumentary Sulliv
Description of Sullivan Integumentary System Test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A blackhead is an accumulation of oily material produced by____. | Sebaceous glands |
| Tiny muscles attached to hair follicles that pull the hair upright during fright or cold are called? | Arrector Pili Muscle |
| The must numerous variety of perspiration gland is the | Eccrine sweat gland |
| A sheath formed of both epithelial and connective tissues is the | hair follicles |
| a less numerous variety of perspiration gland is the ____. Its secretion (often milky appearance) contains proteins and other substances that favor bacterial growth | Apocrine sweat glands |
| ___Is found everywhere on the body except the palms of the hands, soles of the feet, and lips, and primarily consists of dead keratinized cells | Cutaneous receptors |
| Become more active at puberty | Apocrine sweat glands |
| part of the heat-liberating apparatus of the body is the____ | eccrine sweat glands |
| Uses of the Integumentary system | 1) protection from dying out, bacteria, viruses, and fungi 2) helps retain heat.(cool off) 3) Senses the environment |
| What are the 2 layers of the skin | Epidermis, Dermis |
| What are the 5 layers of the epidermis from outside to inside. | 1) Stratum Corneum 2) Stratum Lucidum 3) Stratum Granulosum 4) Stratum Spinosum 5) stratum Germinativum |
| How much does the skin weigh? | 20 pounds |
| What is the pigment in your skin | Melanin |
| What is Keratin? | Water proofing Chemicals. |
| What is the Stratum Corneum | Dead hardened and flattened. This layer is keratinized. These are topical chemicals and are rare |
| What is the Stratum Lucidum | Transparent 2nd layer of the skin |
| What starts in Stratum Granulosum? | Keratinization |
| How thick is the Stratum Spinosum | 5-10 cell layers thick. It has rods of extensions coming off the cells that hold layers together |
| What happens in Stratum Germinativum | Cell division. it makes up all the other layers of the epidermis |
| How much does your skin weigh? | 20lbs |
| What is the pigment in your skin? | Melanin |
| What are Melanin producing cells in the Epidermis? | Melanocytes |
| definition of tanning | Melanocytes are melanin producing cells in the Epidermis. They produce melanin in response to UV light. When the skin is exposed to UV light it produces Melanin |
| What happens when the skin is not exposed to UV light | Epidermis wears off and melanocytes dont make more melanin so the tan fades |
| Where are calouses produced? | areas of high wear |
| What happens to cells that are irritated | reproduce. they reproduce so quickly the cells are not worn off. a calouse results |
| Type of tissue in the dermis | Connective |
| What is the dermis composed of | Largely of fibrous connective tissue. These fibers give the skin strength and elasticity |
| Doctors cut in the line of ___ | Tension |
| What causes the fibers to lose elasticity and start to sag | Gravity. Cause of lines and wrinkling |
| What do the blood vessels do in the dermis | Supply nutrients to all skin cells |
| If a person lies in one position too long the body's weight interferes and stop blood flow. | Decubitis ulcer or bedsore |
| What happens to the blood vessels in the dermis is the temperature goes up | skin gets bigger and dilates. |
| What happens to the blood vessels in the dermis is the temperature goes down | skin gets smaller and constricts |
| sense heavy pressure, temperature, and light | Nerves |
| The dermis can make Vitamin ___ | D |
| is sunlight good for kids? | yes, vitamin D |
| where are hair follicles found | everywhere but palms or soles |
| What is at the base of the follicle | epithelial tissue |
| 2 reasons for hair loss | anythign that affects the blood flow, genetics, cancer treatments. |
| black hair | lots of melanin |
| Brown hair | medium melanin |
| blonde hair | little melanin |
| gray hair | some hair has melanina and some is white |
| White hair | No melanin |
| Red hair | iron pigment that oxidizes and turns rusty colored |
| Muscles that respond to cold | Arrector Pili Muscles |
| What do the Arrector Pili Muscles do | Contract and pull the hair up. Stores heat between the hair and skin (not really for humans). Human hair stands up during times of stress. When the muscles contract. Goose bumps are formed |
| Oil producing glands in each hair follicle | Sebaceous glands |
| Oil from sebaceous glands keep the hair ____ and ____ | soft and pliant |
| The oil in sebaceous glands are ____ | sebum |
| Sebaceous glands in certain areas become overactive due to ____ | hormonal changes |
| What do the oil trap from the sebaceous glands | Bacteria. The bacteria cause inflammation and zits |
| What do nails come from | special epithelial cells at the base of a nail |
| The white half moon shaped area is the ____ | growing region |
| The new cells get ___ | keratinized and harden |
| Found all over but most numerous on the palms and teh soles | Sweat glands |
| sweat glands that respond to emotional stress | Appocrine sweat glands |
| Most numerous in the armpits and groin | appocrine |
| Appocrine respond to what | Sexual stimulation |
| Respond to temperature change | Eccrine |
| found on the forehead, neck and back. | Eccrine |
| This sweat evaporates taking heat with it | Eccrine |
| Skin is red, swollen, painful, and warm | Inflammation |
| What is redness caused by | increased blood flow to the area. This is healing and to fight infection |
| What is warmth from | increased blood flow |
| Where does swelling come from | capillaries. they dilate and their walls thin causing fluids to diffuse out |
| where does pain come from | pressure from swelling |
| Inflammation causes increased ___ to the area | Nutrients and energy |
| RICE | Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevate |
| Rest | to prevent further injury and to promote healing |
| Ice | causes the capillaries to constrict causing the swelling to go down |
| Compression | physically limits swelling |
| Elevation | uses gravity to return fluid to return fluid to the bloodstream |
| Heat Exhaustion symptoms | skin is pale, it feels cool and wet (clammy), there may be some nausea and some dizziness |
| Heat stroke symptoms | Skin is red, the skin is hot and dry, the person will be unconscious or disoriented |
| Shallow woulds affect what tissue | epithelial |
| Shallow wounds description | epidermis is damaged, so the missing or dead epithelial tissue divides rapidly to fill in the space |
| Deep wounds affect what tissue | dermis is involved- connective tissue |
| Process of stopping deep woulds 1, 2, 3 | 1. Blood Vessels break and a clot forms, 2. The clot and dried fluids form a scab, 3. Fibroblasts form connective tissues at the wound margins. These bind the wound. This causes the wound to get smaller. This is also the reason for suturing or stitches |
| Process of stopping deep wounds 4, 5, 6 | 4. As healing continues, blood vessels grow into the new tissue. *some believe into the scab 5. Phagocytic Cells (to eat) migrate to the area and eat dead cells and other debris. 6 Eventually the scb is taken off. Conn. T. is left under scb forming a scar |
| Burns | 1st, 2nd, 3rd |
| 1st degree burns | blood vessels are dilated, causing redness. The epidermis is sloughed off |
| 3rd degree burns | full thickness of the skin is destroyed (maybe some subcutaneous tissue) large ulcers appear. Dehydration and bacterial infection become problems |
| 2nd degree burns | Blisters form because the capillaries thin and fluid diffuses out. |
| What causes a brownish coloration in the skin | Epidermis can make melanin and causes it |
| Pigment in the blood cell responsible for 2 colors | Hemoglobin. If it is oxygenated the skin is reddish or pink. If the hemoglobin loses oxygen, the skin turns bluish or purple. This is cyanosis |
| Subcutaneous injection is where in the skin | under the skin |
| Intradermal injection is where in the skin | into the dermis |
Created by:
zachery.morgenstern