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Study cards
American History chapter 26
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| who won the election of 1928 | Herbert Hoover |
| the two candidates of the election of 1928 | Herbert Hoover and Alfred E. Smith (Alfred Smith opposed federal prohibition and advocated the repeal of the 18th Amendment; he was also the first Roman Catholic to seek the Presidency) |
| Hoover's election slogan | "a chicken in every pot, a car in every garage" |
| three causes of the great depression | easy credit, speculation, buying on margin |
| what are installment plans? | instead of paying the full price of an item at the time of purchase, they made a small down payment and then paid monthly installments over a set period of time |
| risky investments for the chance of making a quick profit | speculation |
| by paying as little as ten percent of the price of stock in cash and securing a loan to cover the balance, people could hold stock... | on margin |
| the President during the Great Depression | Herbert Hoover |
| the date of the Great Crash (called "Black Tuesday") | October 29, 1929 |
| the average unemployment rate during the Great Depression | 15% |
| one important reason for the severity of the Great Depression was... | government interference in the free market economy, especially interference by the Federal Reserve System |
| a few men who abandoned their responsibilites and lived as..., roaming the country on freight trains | hobos |
| the region of western Kansas, Oklahoma, and the panhandle of Texas that had been hit by a severe drought | the "Dust Bowl" |
| the best known work of socialist propaganda to come from the Depression | The Grapes of Wrath |
| who wrote The Grapes of Wrath | John Steinbeck |
| the first of seven American to win the Nobel prize for literature in the 20th century | Sinclair Lewis |
| the poet who encouraged people during the Depression in his volume The People, Yes | Carl Sandburg |
| in his book Look Homeward, Angel, this writer described growing up in North Carolina just before the Depression | Thomas Wolfe |
| in his book Tobacco Road, this writer dwelt on the plight of the poor sharecroppers in Georgia | Erskine Caldwell |
| the writer who depicted the lives and fortunes of "decayed" Southern aristocrats, stalwart yet poor Southern blacks, and scheming, poor white Southerners in novels as The Sound and the Fury and Absalom, Absalom! | William Faulkner |
| the woman who wrote Gone with the Wind | Margaret Mitchell |
| the woman who used China for the setting of her best-selling novel The Good Earth | Pearl S. Buck |
| one of the leading playwrights of the time who produced one of Americas's best loved plays, Our Town | Thornton Wilder |
| one of the most popular plays of the decade, Life with Father, was based on the book by... | Clarence Day |
| the man who wrote the song "God Bless America" | Irving Berlin |
| the singer who immortalized the song "God Bless America" | Kate Smith |
| three patriotic songs that were popular during the Thirties | "god Bless America," "This Is My Country," and "This Land Is Your Land" |
| three forms of entertainment that were popular during the 1930s | radio, motion pictures, and baseball |
| Hoover realized that allowing people to become dependent on government assistance could only destroy individual initiative, or as he called it... | "rugged individualism" |
| the largest and most impressive of these public projects was the construction of... | Hoover Dam (Hoover Dam created a man-made reservoir, Lake Mead) |
| the highest tariff in the nation's peacetime history | Hawley-Smoot Tariff |
| the only country to eventually pay her full war debt to the United States | Finland |
| the man who won the election of 1932 | Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR) |
| FDR's plan was called... | the "New Deal" |
| the amendment which stipulated that new member of Congress would take office on Jan 3 and new Presidents would be inaugurated on Jan 20 (and also ended the "lame duck" sessions of Congress) | the 20th Amendment |
| on march 9, 1933, FDR convened a special session of Congress which lasted until june 16 and then became known as... | the "Hundred Days" |
| FDR's group of close advisers | the "Brain Trust" |
| the "Brain Trust" urged the adoption of the untried and unproven economic theories of... | John Maynard Keynes |
| the British left-wing economic theoretician who advocated central planning and massive economic and social intervention on the part of the government in order to bring a nation out of economic recession or depression | John Maynard Keynes |
| the man who became secretary of the treasury in 1934 and was a strong promoter of deficit spending | Henry Morgenthau, Jr. |
| the man who brought many of the nation's natural resources under federal control | Harold L. Ickes |
| the man who advocated and achieved much government control of American agriculture | Henry A. Wallace |
| the man who became well known as Roosevelt's postmaster general | James A. Farley |
| the man who served as secretary of state from 1933 to 1944 and played a key role in America's international relations | Cordell Hull |
| the woman whom Roosevelt appointed secretary of labor and also played a key role in the New Deal (she was the first woman to be appointed to a cabinet position) | Frances Perkins |
| one of FDR's chief advisers was his wife... | Eleanor Roosevelt |
| President Roosevelt's Three R's | Relief, Recovery, and Reform |
| Roosevelt's...by which he entered the homes of millions of Americans via radio, convinced most people that America could recover from adversity | "fireside chats" |
| when depositors lose confidence in a bank and rush to withdraw their money | bank runs |
| the governor of Michigan had stopped bank runs in his state by declaring a..., closing all banks within the state for eight days | "bank holiday" |
| on march 9, the Hundred Days Congress passed this act, which gave the President broad power to control banking policies and to reopen banks as he saw fit | Emergency Banking Relief Act |
| the action that did much to shake the confidence in the United States monetary system | taking the country off the gold standard |
| the act which sought to increase prices for agricultural products by reducing the supply of food (the government paid farmers not to plant crops or graze livestock on pasture land) | Agriculture Adjustment Act |
| the program that was established to control wages and prices and to limit competition among businesses while encouraging labor organizations | National Recovery Administration (NRA) |
| the Hundred Days Congress established this program, which released large sums of tax money to state and local agencies for direct relief of the unemployed | Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA) |
| the program that put thousands of young men to work on conservation projects such as reforestation, flood control, and improvement of national parks | Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) |
| the two programs that employed the jobless on the construction and improvement of highways, bridges, parks, sewers, schools, hospitals, and other public buildings | the Public Works Administration (PWA) and the Works Progress Administration (WPA) |
| the program that provided high school and college students with part-time employment to help them complete their schooling | National Youth Administration (NYA) |
| the program that erected dams and hydroelectric plants along the Tennessee River and its tributaries, built transmission lines, and provided relatively low cost electric power to farms, communities and industries in the area | the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) |
| in terms of developing a planned economy, this program was perhaps the most far-reaching of all the New Deal undertakings | the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) |
| the amendment which legalized the sale of liquor, repealing the 18th Amendment | 21st Amendment |
| the foreign government the United States officially recognized in 1933 | the Communist government in Russia (Soviet Union) |
| the policy which took steps to promoting new friendship between the United States and its Latin American neighbors | the Good Neighbor policy |
| the first President of the United States to visit South America | FDR |
| the Democratic senator of Louisiana who called for heavy estate taxes that would redistribute wealth to the masses | Huey ("Kingfish") Long |
| the act which established a government fund for unemployment and old-age insurance | Social Security Act |
| the board established to protect the stated rights of unions and to mediate labor-management disputes | National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) |
| the power President Roosevelt wanted in order to establish a pro-New Deal Supreme Court | he asked Congress for power to name a new justice to the Supreme Court for every member over 70 years of age who chose not to retire |
| the head of the United Mine Workers who organized the Committee of Industrial Organizations (CIO) within the ranks of the American Federation of Labor (A.F. of L) | John L. Lewis |
| in 1938, the CIO split with the A. F. of L and became the... with John L. Lewis as its president | Congress of Industrial Organizations |
| the man who flew around the world in a little over eight days | Wiley Post |
| the first woman to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean | Amelia Earhart |
| the law which established the death penalty in certain cases of interstate kidnapping | Lindbergh Law |
| in 1931, New York City became the home of the world's tallest skyscraper, the... | Empire State Building |
| the most dramatic event of the decade because a radio reporter was on the scene to give a live broadcast | the crash of the Hindenburg |
| first president to seek a third term | FDR |
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