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Bio DNA Unit Test
DNADNADNADNDNADNA!
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the monomer of a nucleic acid? | Nucleotide |
| 3 components of a nucleotide | sugar, phosphate, nitrogen |
| DNA Base pairs | Adenine to Thymine Guanine to Cytosine |
| Rungs of DNA ladder | paired bases |
| Sides of DNA ladder | Sugar and phosphate sides |
| Bonds of base pairs | hydrogen bonds |
| 2 purposes of DNA | 1) Provides instructions for how an organism is built ("genetic code") 2) Stores/passes on that info to new cells |
| Relationship b/w DNA and genes | A gene is a specific sequence of DNA coding |
| Relationship b/w DNA and chromosomes | A chromosome is an organized DNA structure and cellular protein |
| DNA Replication | Copying of DNA strands during translation |
| Where does DNA replication take place? | replication fork |
| 4 basic step words to DNA replication | 1) unwind 2) unzip 3) match 4)rewind |
| 2 steps of protein synthesis | translation and transcription |
| where is transcription | TRANSCIPTION IN NUCLEUS |
| Gene def | Gene: section of DNA that codes for a protein |
| Transcription process | TRANSCRIPTION: Section of DNA uncois and bases are exosed, mRNA forms opposite the exposed bases and “copies” gene by matching base pairs |
| Codon def | Codons: base pairs matched by mRNA in sets of 3 |
| RNA what pairs to Uracil? | Adenine |
| how does translation start? | Once the gene in protein synthesis copies RNA leaves nucleus and TRANSLATION begins |
| Translation where?: | Cytoplasm |
| In Translation RNA strand goes to ____ to meet with strands of ______: | Ribsome, tRNA |
| Ribsomes made of: | rRNA |
| anticodon: | tRNA 3-base sequence |
| Each tRNA has _____ and an _____ attached on the other side | anticodon, amino acid |
| Protein synthesis matching up RNA as | two types of RNA strands match up, amino acids are lined up as well |
| Protein formation | Once amino acids bong together and eventually break off from the RNA |
| Enzymes duty | catalyze chem. reactions |
| Where is DNA in prokaryotic cells | cytoplasm |
| How many DNA molecules in a prokaryote? | 1 circular one |
| Eukaryotic DNA location and appearance | in form of chromosomes in nucleus |
| Chromatin | Eukaryotic DNA and protein packed tightly together |
| Histones | the protein that DNA is tightly coiled around |
| UNZIPPING, what is broken? | hydrogen bonds |
| What proofreads new strands? | DNA polymerase |
| 3 diffs b/w DNA/ RNA | RNA’s sugar is ribose, RNA is single stranded |
| Most RNA involved in | protein synthesis |
| Messenger RNA | Carries copies of instructions for assembling amino acids from DNA to the rest of cell |
| rRNA | ribosomal RNA makes up major part of the ribosome |
| Transfer RNA | Transfers each amino acid to the ribosome to help assemble proteins |
| Polypeptides | proteins are made by joining amino acids into long chains of this |
| “start” codon for protein synthesis | AUG |
| The central dogma | DNA>RNA>Protein>trait |
| 2 nucleic acids | dna and rna |
| RNA IN NUCLEUS AND CYTOPLASM | |
| how many amino acids? | 20 amino acids |
| What type of organic molecule is hemoglobin>? | protein |
Created by:
Ylimeli