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What is extrication?
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IFSTA Chapter 8
Rescue and Extrication
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is rescue? | A-Removal of victims from entrapment by fires, terrain features, structural collapse, elevation differences, confined spaces, or any other situations not considered an extrication. |
| What is extrication? | A-The disentanglement and removal of victims from vehicles or machinery. |
| What are the two objectives of a building search? | A-Searching for life, assess fire conditions. |
| What are the two types of searches? | A-Primary search and secondary search |
| What is a primary search? | A-A rapid but thorough search that is performed either before or during fire suppression operations. |
| What is a secondary search? | A-It is conducted after the fire is under control and the greatest hazards have been controlled. It is a slower and more thorough search. |
| What types of contact should be maintained between buddies during a search? | A-visual, voice, or physical contact. |
| On the fire floor how should a FF go about conducting a search? | A-Start the search as close to the fire as possible and then work back toward the entrance door. |
| How longs is the search line and what is it made of? | A-200’ with a kevlar sheath. |
| What are located at 20’ intervals on the search line? | A-A 2” steel ring and a knot for each 20’. |
| When searching in multistory buildings, the most critical areas to search are? | A-The fire floor, the floor directly above the fire and the topmost floor. |
| Without a victim, as rescuers leave the room they should turn in what direction? | A-The same direction they used to enter the room and continue to the next room to be searched. |
| Markings for a room search should be placed on what portion of the door? | A-The lower third of the wall or door. |
| What is a RIC team composed of? | A-At least two FF’s who are suitably equipped to enter the hazard zone. |
| What duties can a RIC team be assigned? | A-Non essential duties on the fireground such as setting up scene lighting or operating a fire pump....as long as those duties can be abandoned without putting anyone in jeopardy. |
| What is the range of tracking devices? | A-Approximately 100 feet...they do not interfere with other on-scene radios. |
| What is the chief danger in moving a victim quickly? | A-The possibility of aggravating a spinal injury. |
| If it is necessary to perform an emergency move of a patient, the victim should be pulled in the direction of what? | A-The long axis of the body. |
| This drag can be used by one rescuer to move a victim up or down a stairway and is very useful for moving an unconscious victim. | A-Incline drag |
| This lift and carry is effective for carrying children or very small adults if they are conscious. | A-Cradle in arms lift/carry |
| mmobilizing a victim who is suspected of having a spinal injury on a long backboard requires how many rescuers? | 4 |
| What does an inverter do? | A-it is a step up transformer that converts a vehicle’s 12 or 24 volt DC current into 110 or 220 volt AC current. |
| What are the most common types of power source used for emergency services? | A-Generators....they are powered by small gasoline or diesel engines and generally have 110 and or 220 volt capacities. |
| Portable lights generally have what range of watts? | A-300-1000 watts |
| Fixed lighting has what range of watts? | A-500-1500 watts |
| What are the four basic types of powered hydraulic tools? | A-Spreaders, shears, combination spreader/shears, extension rams |
| What were the first powered hydraulic tools to become available to the fire/rescue service? | A-Powered hydraulic spreaders |
| What is the maximum spread distance of a hydraulic spreader? | A-As much as 32” |
| What is the opening spread distance of hydraulic shears? | A-Approximately 7” |
| What is the range of a hydraulic extension ram? | A-Closed length of 3’ to an extended length of 5’ |
| What is the closing force of a hydraulic extension ram? | A-One half that of the opening force. |
| What are the advantages and disadvantages of of manual hydraulic tools? | A-Disadvantages-operate more slowly, limited range of operation, labor intensive. Advantages-relatively inexpensive, lightweight, can be used in areas inaccessible to powered units. |
| What is the lifting capability of a manual hydraulic jack? | A-Most have a lifting capacity up to 20 tons, but units with a higher capacity are available. |
| Ratchet lever jacks are also knows as? | A-high lift jacks |
| What is the least stable type of jack? | A-ratchet-lever jack |
| What are the typical lengths of smaller dimension pieces of cribbing? | A-16-24" |
| Air chisels are most often used for what? | A-Vehicle extrication situations. |
| These saws are often used for delicate cutting operations such as removing rings from swollen fingers? | A-Whizzer saw |
| These are used to create an anchor point above a manhole or other opening? | A-Tripod |
| What is the max temperature that airbags should be allowed to come in contact with? | A-220 degrees F. |
| How many bags can be stacked on top of one another? | A-no more than two. The smaller bag on top....the lower bag should be inflated first. |
| The overwhelming majority of rescue incidents involve what type of rescue? | A-Vehicle extrications |
| What is the primary goal of vehicle stabilization? | A-To prevent sudden or unexpected movement of the vehicle. |
| What is the most common method to prevent horizontal motion of a vehicle during rescue? | A-Chocking the vehicle’s wheels. Chock on the downhill side. |
| What are the three methods to gaining access to victims in a vehicle? | A-Though a normally operating door, through a window, by cutting away parts of the vehicle body. |
| Airbags can deploy with what speed? | A-200 mph |
| This vehicle glass is manufactured from two sheets of glass that are bonded to a sheet of plastic sandwiched between them? | A-Laminated safety glass. Most commonly used for windshields and some rear windows. |
| Most commonly used in automobile side windows and rear windows...when struck it separates into many small pieces? | A-Tempered glass |
| The five recognized patters of collapse are? | A-pancake, v shaped, lean-to, A-frame, and cantilever |
| A general term used to describe any of a variety of means by which unstable structures or parts of structures can be stabilized. | A-Shoring |
| How far of an area should be cordoned off from a trench? | 100' |
| Sources of vibration should be eliminated how far from a trench? | 500' |
| What does OATH stand for? | A-O=one tug on the liefeline-OK, A=two tugs-advance, T=3 tugs-take up, H=4 tugs-help |
| Whenever rescuers respond to any situation involving electricity they should always do what four things? | A-Assume that electrical lines or equipment are energized, control the scene and deny entry, call for the power provider to respond, allow only power company personnel to cut electrical wires. |
| When dealing with downed power lines how rescuers should stay away at what distance? | A-A distance equal to one span between poles. |
| What are the four methods for rescue of a victim during a water related emergency? A | A-reach, throw, row, go |
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