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US Constitution 4
Chapter 4 WGU
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| For which of the following do civil rights require equal protection? | Gender, Age, National Origin, Race |
| At which point did the concept of equality arise in U.S. political debate? | The concept of equality arose in U.S. political debate with the ratification of the 14th Amendment. |
| The equal protection clause prohibits which type of discrimination? | "unreasonable" |
| Affirmative action represents an example of which of the following? | guaranteeing equality of outcome |
| Whom did the Framers include in their conception of civil rights? | White Males |
| Which state had failed to ban the slave trade by the deadline specified in the Constitution? | South Carolina |
| Which of the following represents an accurate statement of what occurred in 1808? | The slave population numbered over one million. |
| What was the immediate effect of Abraham Lincoln's election to the presidency? | South Carolina's secession from the Union. |
| The ruling in which case established the doctrine of "separate but equal"? | Plessy v. Ferguson |
| The American Woman Suffrage Association differed from the National Woman Suffrage Association in which of the following ways? | It targeted amendments to state constitutions. |
| Who drafted the 19th Amendment to the Constitution? | Susan B. Anthony |
| What group included Alice Paul and Lucy Burns? | Suffragists |
| Which US president reconsidered his position and supported women's suffrage as a war measure? | President Woodrow Wilson |
| In what year did the states ratify the constitutional amendment that granted women the right to vote? | 1920 |
| Which federal amendment to the Constitution gave women the right to vote? | 19th |
| Which American city hosted the first women’s rights convention? | Seneca Falls, NY |
| Which national political party was the first to support suffrage for women? | Teddy Roosevelt's Progressive Party |
| Who were the founders of the American Equal Rights Association? | Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony |
| The NAACP was founded primarily to do which of the following? | combat violence against African Americans |
| The NAACP primarily targeted inequities in what educational institutions? | graduate and professional programs |
| The "Doll Study" was used as evidence in which of the following cases? | The "Doll Study" was used as evidence in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas. |
| In Brown v. Board of Education, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) Legal Defense Fund challenged specific racially discriminatory practices in the following state(s): | Kansas, South Carolina, Virginia, AND Delaware |
| Brown focused on racial segregation practiced against African Americans in which of the following places? | Public Schools |
| Which constitutional amendment did the NAACP lawyers rely on when asserting to the Court that the "separate but equal" doctrine was unconstitutional? | the 14th Amendment |
| Which U.S. Supreme Court case initially established the constitutionality of the doctrine of "separate but equal"? | Plessy v. Ferguson |
| Which adverse effects on African American children did the Supreme Court cite for evidence of the harm caused by public school segregation? | deprives African American children of some of the educational benefits they would gain in an integrated public school system., denotes inferiority of African Americans as a groupadversely affects the motivation of black children to learnslows down the edu |
| In which of the following cases did the Supreme Court rule that schools must desegregate "with all deliberate speed"? | Brown v. Board II. |
| Who were "The Little Rock Nine"? | the group of African American students attempting to attend Central High School |
| What was the immediate effect of Rosa Parks' arrest? | a yearlong bus boycott in Montgomery, Alabama. |
| Which of the following used radical protest tactics such as sit-ins and freedom rides | both CORE AND SNCC (Congress of Racial Inequality and Students for Nonviolent Coordinating Committee) |
| To whom did Martin Luther King, Jr., direct his "Letter from a Birmingham Jail"? | white clergymen |
| In the letter, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. defends | nonviolent protests against the segregationist policies of Birmingham's municipal government and merchants. |
| According to King, why has he come to Birmingham from his home in Atlanta? | to fight against the severe racial injustices being perpetrated against African Americans by the political and economic elites in Birmingham |
| According to King, which of the following is NOT a basic step in a successful nonviolent campaign of civil disobedience? | gaining the cooperation of prominent local political and business leaders |
| Which of the following places did King describe as "probably the most thoroughly segregated city in the United States"? | Birmingham |
| Who does King reference when he writes "an unjust law is a human law that is not rooted in eternal law and natural law"? | Saint Thomas Aquinas |
| In King's letter, he expresses his disappointment with the attitude of which of the following groups? | White moderate |
| What group does King criticize for failing to support his nonviolent strategy of civil disobedience to end racial injustice in Birmingham? | the leadership of white churches in the South |
| Which of the following drew national attention to the issue of racial inequality? Choose the BEST answer. | television coverage of police brutality |
| Whom did Martin Luther King, Jr., allege had written a "bad check" to African Americans | the Founding Fathers |
| Who was involved in the passage of national civil rights legislation? | President Kennedy, President Johnson, the U.S. Congress, and Martin Luther King |
| Which of the following became referred to as "Bloody Sunday"? | the police attack on participants in a march from Selma to Montgomery |
| Which civil rights leader was a prominent advocate of black education who stressed industrial schooling and gradual social adjustment rather than political activism for African Americans? | Booker T. Washington |
| Who advocated racial separatism and a "Back to Africa" colonization program? | Marcus Garvey |
| Whose birthplace, church, and grave are located in Atlanta, Georgia? | Martin Luther King Jr. |
| Which landmark law outlawed racial discrimination in public schools, public places, and employment? | Civil Rights Act of 1964 |
| Which landmark law suspended literacy tests and other voter tests and authorized federal supervision of voter registration in states and individual voting districts? | Voting Rights Act of 1965 |
| Which of the following were strategies used to further the goals of the Civil Rights Movement? | bus boycotts sit-ins freedom rides protests |
| What is the significance of the national historic site in Little Rock, Arkansas? | Little Rock Central High School became a national emblem of the struggle over public school desegregation. |
| Which group did President Kennedy task with the investigation of the treatment of women in American society? | the Presidential Commission on the Status of Women |
| Protective legislation was concerned with which of the following? | accounting for the ways in which women differed from men, policies that addressed women's biological differences from men, legislation concerned with the exploitation of women, and policies designed to promote women's health |
| In what year was the Equal Rights Amendment added to the Constitution? | Never |
| Korematsu v. United States generated which standard of review? | Intermediate scrutiny, rational basis, and strict scrutiny are all standards of review designed to evaluate government action in relation to the equal protection clause. |
| In which of the following standards of review are the interests of the individual given the most weight? | strict scrutiny |
| Korematsu v. United States generated which standard of review? | "compelling state interest test" |
| Which of the following standards of review are used to evaluate government action in relation to the equal protection clause? | Intermediate scrutiny, rational basis, and strict scrutiny |
| In which of the following standards of review are the interests of the individual given the most weight? | Strict Scrutiny |
| What must the government prove to satisfy the intermediate standard of review? | the government must prove that the policy in question is substantially related to a legitimate government objective. |
| According to the text, which group has notably taken advantage of media relations in order to further its cause of obtaining full civil rights? | the homosexual community |
| The American Indian Movement is noted for its use of which of the following types of tactics? | occupation of symbolic property |
| Which of the following have enjoyed legislative success in obtaining at least partial protection of their civil rights? | Disabled Americans, American Indians, Mexican Americans, and women |
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