name the four types of speeches to inform

speeches about objects, speeches about processes, speeches about events, speeches about concepts

what are the two types of speeches of processes

one explains a process so audience will understand, explains how to perform the process themselves

example of question of fact

how far is it from ny to sd, will the economy be better next year

success on a speaker depends upon

personal credibility, knowledge of the subject, preparation of speech, manner of speaking, sensibility to audience, ocassion

four kinds of listening

appreciative, empathetic, comprehensive, critical

the 2 categories of potential topics

subjects you know about, subjects you want to know about

4 ways of brain storming

personal inventory, clustering, reference search, internet search

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public speaking

Question	Answer
name the four types of speeches to inform	speeches about objects, speeches about processes, speeches about events, speeches about concepts
speeches about something visible tangible and stable in form	speeches about objects
systematic series of actions that leads to a specific result or product	speeches about processes
speeches that explain how something is made, done, or how it works	speeches about processes
what are the two types of speeches of processes	one explains a process so audience will understand, explains how to perform the process themselves
the process of creating, reinforcing, or changing people's beliefs or actions	persuasion
when speaking, always make sure your goals are ethically sound and use ethical methods to communicate ideas	ethics and persuasion
persuasion occurs in a situation when	two or more views exist
must be __ or there would be no need for persuasion	disagreement
__ is the most complex and challenging speech	persuasive
__ is a mental dialogue with your audience	persuasive speech
mental give and take between speaker and listener	persuasive
part of the audience that you want to reach with your speech	target audience
questions about the truth or falsity of an assertion	questions of fact
example of question of fact	how far is it from ny to sd, will the economy be better next year
the situation for an informative speech on a question of fact is	nonpartisan
speaker acts as lecturer or teacher	nonpartisan
aim to give informative as impartially as possible	nonpartisan
situation for a persuavive speech on a question of fact is	partisan
speaker acts as an advocate	partisan
present one view of the facts as persuasively as possible	partisan
the means by which a message is communicated	channel
feedback is affected by ones	frame of reference
success on a speaker depends upon	personal credibility, knowledge of the subject, preparation of speech, manner of speaking, sensibility to audience, ocassion
organized thinking about relationships among ideas, soundess of evidence, differences between fact and opinion	critical thinking
sum of a persons knowledge experience goals values and attitudes	frame of reference
belief that ones own group or culture is superior to all other groups or cultures	ethnocentrism
the branch of philosophy that deals with issues of right and wrong in human affairs	ethics
sound ethical
use of language to defame demeans or degrade people or groups	name calling
3 types of plagiarism	global, patchwork, incremental
stealing a speech entirely from single source and passing it on as one	global
stealing ideas or language from two or three sources and passing them off as ones own	patchwork
failing to give credit for particular parts of a speech that are borrowed from other people	incremental
not using quotations for direct quotes and even paraphrases	incremental
vibration of sound waves on eardrums and the firing of electrochemical impulses in the brain	hearing
paying close attention to , making sense of, what we hear	listening
four kinds of listening	appreciative, empathetic, comprehensive, critical
listening for pleasure or enjoyment	appreciative
listening to provide emotional support for a speaker	empathetic
listening to understand the message of a speaker	comprehensive
listening to evaluate a message for purposes of accepting or rejecting it	critical
what is required for comprehensive listening	critical thinking
the difference between the rate at which people talk and the rate at which the brain can process language	spare
spare is also known as	brain time
an outline that briefly notes a speakers main points and supporting evidence in rough outline form	key word outline
the 2 categories of potential topics	subjects you know about, subjects you want to know about
method of generating ideas for speech topics by free association of words and ideas	brainstorming
4 ways of brain storming	personal inventory, clustering, reference search, internet search
list you experiences interests hobbies skills beliefs and then from this list may come a general topic	personal inventory
make 9 column: people places things event processes concept, natural phenomena, problems, and plans and policies. then list in each column thin that comes to mind	clustering
browse thorugh reference work until you come across good subject	reference search
using a search	internet search
broad goal of speech which will either be to inform or persuade	general purpose
goal is to convery info clearly accuratley and interestingly and to enhance the knowledge and undertanding of of listeners by giving them knowledge they didnt have before	inform
act as an advocate by both giving info to change or structure attitudes or actions of your audience and to get them to believe something or do something as a result of your speech	persuade
after choosing topic and general purpose, then determine your	specific purpose
single infinitive phrase that states precisely what a speaker hopes to accomplish in his or her speech	specific purpose
the specific purpose of a speech is what you hope to	accomplish
one sentence statement that sums up the major idea of a speech	central idea
central idea is usually expressed as a simple declaritive statment that sharpens the	specific purpose statment
the central idea is your __ which is what a speaker wants the audience to remember after it has forgotten everything else in the speech	residual message
keeping the audience foremost in mind at every step of speech preparation and presentation	audience centeredness
a process in which speakers seek to creae a one with with the audience by emphasizing common values goals and experiences	identification
what are the two types of messages in a speech	one sent by speaker one recieved by listener
people are going to hear what is most important to them	egocentrism
tendency of people to be concerned above all with their own values beliefs and well being	ecocentrism
audience analysis that focuses on demographic factors such as age gender religion sexual orientation group membership and racial ethnic or cultural backgrond	demographic audience analysis
creating an oversimplified image of members of a group that are alike	sterotyping
features of demographic audience analysis (5)	age gender sexual orientation religion group membership
audience analysis that focuses on situational factors such as the size of the audience, physical setting of the speech, dispotition of the audience toward the topic, speaker, and the occasion	situational audience analysis
parts of situational audience analysis (5)	size, physical setting, interest, knowledge, audience
the more cometend an audience believes the speaker to be, the more likely they are to accept what he or she says	disposition towards the speaker
listeners will always set some sort of attitude towards the speaker until they are proven otherwise	dispotition towards the speaker
listeners have definite ideas abouts peeches or topics they think are appropriate for the occasion, if the speaker seriously violates those expectations they have to be prepared for a negative reaction from their audience	dispotition towards the occasion
questions that offer a fixed choice btw two or more alternatives	fixed alternative questions
questions that require responses at fixed intervals along a scale of answers	scale questions
questions that allow respondents to answer however they want	open ended questions
experts in their field of library use and research methods	librarians
listing of all books, periodicals, and other resoources owned by library	catalogue
used in libraries to classify books periodicals to indivate where they can be found on the shelves	call number
research aid that catalogues articles from large number of journals or magazines	periodical database
summary of the magazine or journal article written by someone besides the author	abstract
a work that synthesized a large amount of related info for easy access by researchers	reference work
comprehensive reference work that provides info about all branches of human knowledge	general encyclopedia
comprehensive reference work devoted to specific subject	encyclopedia
comprehensive reference work devoted to specific subject	special encylopedia
reference work published annually that has info about previous year	yearbook
reference work that provides info about people	biographical aidss
search engine that combines an internet technology with traditional library methods of cataloguing and assessing data	virtual library
organization that in absense of author is responsible for content of document online	sponsoring organization
interview conducted to gather information for a speech	research interview
before interview you should	define the purpose, decide whom to interview, arrange interview, decide if your going to record the interview, prepare questions
formulate a purpose for what you would like to get from the interview	purpose
materials used to support speakers ideas	supporting material
three major kinds of supporting materials	example statistic testimony
a specific case used to illustrate or to represent a group of people, ideas, conditions, experiences, or the like	example
specific case referred to in passing to illustrate point	brief example
story narrative or anecdote developed at some length to illustrate point	extended example
an example that describes an imaginary situatio	hypothetical example
numerical data	statistics
the average value of a group of numbers	mean
middle number in a gorup of numbers arranged from highest to lowest	median
number that occurs most frequently in a group of numbers	mode
quoations and paraphrases used to support a point	testimony
testimony from people who are recognized experts in their fields	expert testimony
testimony from ordinary people with firsthand experience or insight on a emotional impact	peer testimony
___ is a testimony represented word for word while __ is restating or summarizing a sources ideas into one own words	quoting, paraphrasing
putting a speech together in a particular way to achieve a particular result with a particular audience	strategic organization
central features of the speech	main points
order of main points (5)	chronological, spatial, causal, problem solution, topical
follow a time pattern, narrate sequence of events in the sequence they happened	chronological
directional pattern, main point proceed from top to bottom, left to right	spatial
show cause and effect relationship, there are two main points (dealing with caus, with effect)	causual
divided into two main parts: seriousness of a proble, solution of problem	problem solution
divide the speech into subtopics, each becomes a main point in the speech	topical
materials used to support speakers idea	supporting material
4 types of connectives	transitions, internal previews, internal summaries, signposts
words or phrases the indicate when a speaker has finished one thought and is moving on to another	transition
let the audience know what the speaker will take up next, but more detailed that transition	internal preview
remind listeners of what theyve already heart	internal summary
brief statement that indicates exactly where you are in the speech	signposts
steps of introduction	attention-getter, reveal topic, credibility, audience relative statement, preview body
steps to conclusion	signal end, reinforce central idea,
2 types of outline	detailed preparation outline, brief speaking outline
a brief outline used to jog a speakers memory during the presentation of a pseech	brief speaking outline
directions in a speaking outline to help a speaker remember how they want to deliver key parts of the speech	delivery cues
2 types of meaning a word has	denotative, connotative
literal or dictionary meaning of word or phrase	denotative
literal and objective	denotative
meaning suggested by the associations or emotions triggered by a word or phrase	connotative
more figurative or subjective	connotative
words that refer to tangible objects	concrete words
words that refe to ideas or concepts	abtract words
example of abstract words	humility, philosophy
discourse that takes many more words than are necessary to express an idea	clutter
use of vivid language to create mental images of objects, actions, or ideas	imagrey
explicit comparison between things that are essentally different yet have something in common using like or as	simile
trite or overused expression	cliche
implicit comparison not using like or as	metaphor
pattern of sound in a speech created by the choice and arrangement of words	rhythem
4 devices to improve rythem	parallelism, repetition, alliteration, antithesis
reiteration of the same word or set of words at the beginning or end of successive clauses or sentences	repetition
similar arrangement of a pair of series of related words phrases or sentences	parallelism
repetition of initial consonant sound of close or adjoining words	alliteration
juxtaposition of contrasting ideas, usually in paralleled structure	antithesis
does not sterotype, demean or patronize people on the basis of gender race relgion disability etc	inclusive language
__ is communication based on a persons use of voice and body	nonverbal communication
word for word e.g. religious proclamation, report for professional meeting	reading from manuscript
little or no immediate preperation delivery	speaking impromptu
carefully prepared and practiced in advance	speaking extemporaneously
presenting a speech so it sounds spontaneous no matter how many times it has been rehearsed	conversational quality
loudness or softness of the speakers voice	volume
highness or lowness of the speakers voice	pitch
changes in the pitch or tone of a speakers voice	inflections
constant pitch or tone of voice	monotone
speed at which a person speaks	rate
momentary break in the vocal delivery of speech	pauses
pause that occurs when a speaker fills the silence between words with vocalizations such as uh er um	vocalized pause
changes in a speakers rate pitch and volume that give the voice variety and expressiveness	vocal variety
the accepted standard of sound and rhythem for words in a given language	pronunciation
phyrical production of particular speech sounds	articulation
variety of a language distinguished by variations of accent grammer or vocabulary	dialect
study of body motions as a systematic mode of communication	kinesics
evoke a favorable first impression	personal appearance
motions of a speakers hands or arms during a speech	gestures
direct vidual contact wtih the eyes of another person	eye contact
if the object you wanted to bring is too large small or unavailable you should try to use a	model
in the absense of object or model use	pictures
diagram sketches or other __ can illustrate points exactly	drawing
summaraizing large blocks of info	charts
visual aid drawn written or printed on a sheet of clear acetate and shown with an overhead projector	transparencies
font types	serif, sans serif
what font is easier to read in large patches of text	serif
what font is better for headings or short bursts of text	sans serif
little tails on each letter, no tails	serif, sans serif
4 types of informative speeches	objects, processes, events, concepts
speech about anything that ahppens	speeches about events
speeches about beliefs theories ideas principles and likes	speeches about concepts
the process of creating reinforcing or changing peoples beliefs or actions	persuasion
questions about the worth rightness morality etc	questions of value
question about whether a specific course of action should or should not be taken	questions of policy
goal of __ is to gain agreement or motivate immediate action	questions of policy
types of speeches on questions of policy	speech to gain passive agreement, speeches to gain immediate action
get audience to agree that certain policy is desirable but not necessarily encourage the audience to do anything	speech to gain passive agreement
motivate audience to action	speeches to gain immediate actions
3 issues of question of policy	need plan practicality
convince audience there is a seirous problem with things as they are	need
type of question of need	burden of proof
obligation facing a persuasive speaker to prove that a change from current policy is neccessary	burden of proof
once you have identified that a problem exists you must explain your plan for solving it	plan
will the plan solve the proble?	practicality
show that the plan is workable, audence wants assurance that a speakers plan will solve the problem	practicality
4 types of organization of question of policy	problem solution, problem cause solution, comparative advantages, monroes motivated sequence
first main point demonstrates the need for a new policy by showing the extent and seriouusness of the problem. second point explains planf or solving problem and show its practicality	problem solution order
speech with three main points- identifying problem, analyzing causes of the problem, present a solution of problem	problem cause solution order
audience already agrees a problem exists, speaker compares advantages and disadvantages of of competing solutions	comparative advantages order
seeks immediate action- attention need satisfaction visualization and action	monroes motivated sequence
gain attention using attention getter intro	attention
shows a serious problem with the existing situation	need
provide a solution to the problem- present plan and show how it will work	satisfaction
having given your plan, intesify desure for by visualizing benefits	visualization
say exactly what you want audience to do and how to do it	action
introduces main speaker to the audience	speeches of introduction
presents someone a gift award or public recognition	speeches of presentation
speech that gives thanks for a gift award or some other form of public recognition	speeches of acceptance
speeches that pay tribute to a person group of people institution or an idea	commemorative speech

Created by: lilcollins92

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