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Synthesis
Additional Chemistry Edexel
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Actual Yield | The amount of product obtained from a chemical reaction in reality. This may differ from the theortical yeildbecause the raw materials may not be pure or the reaction my not be complete. |
| Addition | In polymer chemistry, a large molecule formed from alkene monomers added together to form chains. |
| Alkane | A hydrocarbon in which all the bonds are single bonds. |
| Alkene | A hydrocarbon in which two or more bonds are joined by double bonds. |
| Atom Economy | The propertion of reactants that are converted into useful products. |
| Biodegradable | Able to be broken down by soil bacteria. |
| Condensation | A type of reaction in which two molecules join togetherto make a larger one, with water as a by product. |
| Covalent Bond | A type of chemical bond in which a pair of electrons is shared between two atoms. |
| Cracking | A type of chemical reaction in which large alkane are decomposed to form two smaller alkanes and alkenes. |
| Cross-Links | Strong covalent bonds that form between polymer molecules. |
| Displayed Formula | A diagram of the structure of a molecule in which the elements are represented by letters and the bonds are shown by straight lines. |
| Double Bond | Two covalent bonds between two atoms, involving two shared pairs of electrons. |
| Empirical | Worked out from an experiment. A formula of this is worked out by dividing the mass of each element in a compound by its relative atomic mass. |
| Expected Yield | The amount of product expected to be obtained from a reaction. |
| Formula | An abbreviation for a substance with two or more atoms. The formula contains the symbols for the different elements in the substance, with numbers to show if there are two or more atoms of a particular element present. |
| Fraction | A constituent part of crude oil produced by fractional distillation. |
| Fractional Distillation | An idustrial process used to seperate the constituent parts of crude oil. |
| Hydrocarbon | An organic compound contianing just carbon and hydrogen. |
| Hydrogenate | To react with hydrogen. |
| Molecule Formula | A chemical code that shows how many of each atom there are in a molecule. |
| Monomer | A small molecule, for example an alkene, that can be joined to many other small molecules to form a much larger molecule. |
| Monounsaturated | A substance (usually a fat) that only has one double bond. |
| Percentage Yield | The percentage of theoretical yield that you actually get in a reaction. |
| Plasticiser | A substance added to polymers to make them softer and more felxible. They allow polymer chains to slide over each othermore easily. |
| Polymer | A large molecule made by linking lots of small molecules (monomer). |
| Polymerisation | The process by which small alkenes (monomers) join together to form large molecules (polymers). |
| Polyunsaturated | A substance (usaully a fat) that has more than one double bond. |
| Raw Material | A starting substance for the manufature of a particular chemical. |
| Relative Atomic Mass | The mass of an atom compared to the mass of a carbon atom, which has a relative atomic mass of 12. |
| Relative Formula Mass | The mass of a molecule relative to the mass of a carbon atom. |
| Repeated Unit | A section or monomer of a polymer which shows its structure. |
| Saturated Hydrocarbon | A compound of hydrogen and carbon in which there are only single bonds. Aklanes are examples of these. |
| State Symbol | Symbol used in chemical equation to show whether a substance is solid, liquid, gas or dissolved in water. |
| Sustainable Development | Meeting teh needs of teh existing population without damaging the ability of future generations to meet future generations to meet their own needs. |
| Synthesis | Making a substance using chemical reations. |
| Theorical Yield | The maximum calculated amount of product that can be obtained form a particular quantity of reactants. |
| Thermoplastic | A polymer that softens or melts when heated and becomes hard agian when cooled. |
| Thermosetting | A polymer that cannot be melted or remoulded again once formed. |
| Toxic | Poisonous. Can cause death if swallowed, breathed in or come into contact with skin. |
| Toxity | How toxic or poisonous a substance is. |
| Unsaturated Hydrocarbon | A compound of hydrogen and carbon in which there is one or more double bond. Akenes are examples of these. |
| Unsaturated Monomer | A small molecule that can form a polymer because it contains a double bond. |
| Viscous | Sticky or thick, liquids like this are really hard to pour. |
| Hi Danielle | I just got bored :p good luck revising!! from soph :) xx |
Created by:
DJEastwick
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