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US gov 1 test 5

Interest Groups and the Media

Question	Answer
James Madison believed that the latent causes of faction were rooted in	human nature
Unlike other democratic nations, America has public laws that permit religious congregations and private colleges and universities to	own public property without having to pay taxes on it
The growth of numerous public-interest lobbies in the 1960s was an example of interests groups forming as a result of	popular social movements
One type of interest group whose representation in DC has skyrocketed since 1970 is the	Institutional interest groups
What are the reasons for the proliferation of interest groups in this country	Economic developments, government policy, social movements, and the expanding role of government
An organization that seeks to influence public policy is most accurately referred to as an	interest group
An example of a typical activity that an institutional interest might conduct on behalf of a client would be	to get elected officials to pass legislation aimed at promoting certain industries
It is often said that Americans are a nation of	joiners
Americans are more likely to join _____ than are citizens of other countries	religious and civic organizations
The reasons Americans participate in civic associations more frequently than do citizens of other countries is	greater sense of political efficacy and stronger sense of civic duty
What is true of most people who are sympathetic to the aims of a mass-membership interest group?	The are not actually members of the said group
The National Association of Science Teachers offers its members reduced rates on automobile rentals. These benefits are called	material benefits
What are some examples of material incentives?	car decals, discount prices on certain services, scholarships for member's children
Organizations that attract members by appealing to a coherent set of usually controversial principles are called	ideological interest groups
Ralph Nader became famous after testifying in favor of a bill regarding	auto safety
Nader founded a group called	Public Citizen
Public-interest lobbies typically make better progress when the administration is	hostile towards their views
The policies of public-interest organizations are predominantly shaped by	The organization's staff
The launching of the environmental movement was assisted by	A broad social movement concerned with conservation
Feminist social movements were evident in the	1830s, 1890s, 1920s, 1960s
The peak of the union movement in the US occurred in the year	1945
Today, only about ____ percent of US workers are covered by unions	10
A major cause in the decline of union membership in the US was an	economic shift away from blue collar, industrial jobs to white collar, service based jobs
The nonprofit and other organizations that receive the lion's share of federal dollars are rarely if ever	audited
A report on grant making across five federal agencies found that each agency gave most of its money to _____ over the course of a decade	the same recipients
President ________ attempted to cut back on federal funds going to certain nonprofit groups	Reagan
Most of the money in federal contracts is received by	big business
The Americans who are most likely to join interest groups are	wealthy
Of the nearly 7000 groups represented in DC, approximately what percentage are corporations?	50%
Probably the best measure of an interest group's influence is its	ability to produce headlines
The most effective commodity at the command of interest groups is	credible information gathering
In addition to seeking technical information from lobbyists, public officials often look to them for	political cues
Regarding the exertion of public pressure on legislators, the text concludes that it	is often minimal, unless it is a widely known popular issue. Most politicians will vote the way they want, no matter what public opinion is.
The 1993 Brady Bill was opposed by the	NRA
By 2003m there were about ______ PACS	4700
Sometimes money affects legislative behavior not so much by buying votes as by ensuring	access
A government official might leave her position and join a corporation to which she previously awarded government contracts. This is an example of	The "Revolving Door"
The text asserts that, although the civil rights and anti-war movements of the 1960s have dissipated,	citizens are emulating their activities today
Interest group activity is protected under the US Constitution by the	First Amendment
The text suggests that the Federal Regulation of Lobbying Act of 1946	had very little practical effect.
When CBS News ran a story based on documents regarding G.W. Bush's service in the National Guard, _____ produced evidence that the documents were forgeries.	bloggers
The relationship between the media and public officials can best be described as	love-hate
In recent years the relationship between the media and government has become	adversarial
Compared with the early years of the republic, the power and autonomy of newspaper editors and reporters in the US today are	immense
A war between the US and Spain was fomented by the publisher	William Randolph Hearst
The term yellow journalism was coined to describe media sensationalism in what era?	The Gilded Age
The need for sensationalist journalism died out because of the middle class demand for reform, the termination of circulation wars, and	a change in managerial style
The medium the first allowed public officials to reach the public in a relatively unfiltered manner was	radio
Electronic journalism probably contributed to the decline in party loyalties because	politicians could now bypass party bosses
A member of Congress who wishes to maximize his/her news media attention is well advised to	frequently engage in bold or colorful behavior
While there were competing newspapers in 60% of American cities in 1900, by 1972 there were only competing newspapers in _____ percent of American cities?	4
To a remarkable degree, media ownership in the US is	locally owned and operated
Most of the national news that local papers publish comes from	wire services like the AP
The text suggests that radio and tv stations often decide what to broadcast by looking at	The front page of national newspapers
The media typically report presidential elections as horse races because of the media's role as	scorekeeper
The national media often play the role of watchdog. This means that they can	scrutinize every move a politician makes.
Compared to newspaper reporters, tv news broadcasters have	less time and freedom, more competition, but make more money
Unlike big city newspapers, radio and tv stations must	report mostly on local news
Which amendment to the Constitution prevents the government from censoring the media	The First Amendment
The federal government sued the New York Times to prevent it from publishing	The Pentagon Papers
Once something is published, a newspaper or magazine can be sued or prosecuted if the material	incites violent behavior from the public, is libelous, or obscene
For a newspaper to be found guilty of libeling a public official, the accused party must	prove the information was blatantly false and printed with malicious intent.
The abandonment of the fairness doctrine permitted	the rise on controversial talk radio shows like Rush and Hannity
The equal time rule obliges stations	to give political opponents equal airtime
In comparison with the general public, the great majority of the members of the national news media are	more liberal
The text suggests 3 things to look for when trying to read a newspaper intelligently. They are	what is covered, who are the sources, and how language is used
In France and Great Britain newspapers are often	clearly identified with a political party
Which types of news stories cover events that a reporter seeks out because they are not covered by the press?	feature stories
Insider stories are often the product of	government insider leaks
The tendency to tune out statements that are inconsistent with our existing beliefs is known as	selective attention
According to the text, the first president to raise cultivation of the media to an art form was	Theodore Roosevelt
TV coverage of the House changed radically with the emergence of	The Watergate Scandal
The text argues that the Constitution contributed to the problem of press leaks when it	divided the government into 3 competing branches
One reason that so many news leaks occur is that	there is no secrecy act here like there is in other nations like GB
Press support for Lawrence Walsh and press criticism of Kenneth Starr say something about the importance of _____ in American politics	Spin
Among the weapons that the government uses to constrain journalists is the	rewards/punishment system
If a reporter can quote an official by name, the information is	on the record
If a communication is "on background", then	What the official says can be used, but it cannot be attributed to them
If a reporter cannot attribute something to an official, or even an anonymous source, the information is	deep background
The president who made the mistake of attacking the media publicly rather than privately was	Nixon

Created by: eowyn11

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