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sociology final crom
Question | Answer |
---|---|
W.I. Thomas suggested that sociologists ought to... | take into account people's misconceptions as these can have consequences. |
When W.I. Thomas argued that "if people define situations as real, they are real in their consequences," he meant that... | sociologists can learn a lot even from studying people's misperceptions of social reality. |
a basic tenet of or doctrine in sociology is that human behavior is... | shaped by social interaction |
sociology is best understood as the study of... | interactions and relations between human beings |
which of the following factors helped spur the creation of sociology... | the technological and political changes experienced by industrializing societies |
which of the following events helped to encourage the emergence and initial growth of sociology? | changing technologies associated with the industrial revolution |
sociology emerged in the ___ as an attempt to make sense of chaos left in the way of ___ | 1800s, industrial revolution |
August Comte said that the political, technological, and social changes of the 18th and early 19th centuries had created a situation of... | intellectual anarchy |
who coined the term "sociology"? | Auguste Comte |
Emile Durkheim is remembered for the path-breaking research in which he found that ___ are influenced by ___, and not just by individual choices | suicide rates; social factors |
emile durkheim studied the nature of social solidarity in modern and premodern societies. he argued that... | social solidarity is based on people's natural tendency to be social creatures |
according to durkheim, mechanical solidarity predominates in.. | premodern societies. |
emile durkheim viewed modern society as | all of these |
the collective conscience... | all of these |
emile durkheim used the concept of ___ to refer to a kind of social unity based on a complex division of labor | organic |
durkheim demonstrated that suicide rates vary across groups. ex. protestants have higher suicide rates than catholics. sociologists regard this as convincing evidence that... | social factors must be invoked to explain suicide rates |
ferdinand tonnies aid that gemeinschaft-type relationships... | predominate in the premodern world |
ferdinand tonnies would ahve said that the relationship between parents and children will mostly be... | gemeinschaft |
according to ferdinand tonnies | geselllschaft social relations are seen as means to ends. |
max weber argued that.. | the modern social world is becoming increasingly rational and calculating |
according to max weber when people engage in nonrational behavior, they... | may been engaging in a behavior simply because they enjoy it |
max weber argued that | any particular behavior may be either rational or irrational. depends on why the person is doing it. |
karl marx | all of these |
when karl marx discussed the proletariat and the bourgeoisie, he was referring to | the workers and owners |
which phrase did karl marx refer to the people who own the means of production? | bourgeoisie |
by which phrase did marx refer to the people who do not own means of production, but have only their labor to sell? | proletariat |
which theorist argued that everything in society is secondary to economic reality? | karl marx |
one might reasonably argue that ___ is to sociology as charles darwin is to biology | herbert spencer |
herbert spencer's idea that rich people deserve their riches and poor people deserve their poverty, tied to theory of | natural selection |
his ideas about the "survival of the fittest" were used by some people to justify their resistance to sch social reforms as public schooling | herbert spencer |
notions that human societies evolve and that social competition inevitably results in social progress, was promoted by | herbert spencer |
W.E.B. Dubois | said that marx had made a mistake when he overlooked the role of race in promoting social conflict |
first sociologist to win a Noble Prize was | Jane Addams |
C.W. Mills' conception of the sociological imagination suggests that... | people often can understand their own experiences only by taking into account larger social factors |
what did C.W. MIlls recommend we do with our personal problems? | look beyond them to their possible links to the social structure in order to find an explanation |
jack was always lat for work because he hated to use an alarm clock. because of this he lost his job in the college lib. now jack doesn't have the money to pay his tuition. mills would say jack's situation is... | personal trouble |
which statement is true? | sociologists are not satisfied with explanations that focus on individuals. |
for sociologists, skepticism | important because commonly accepted explanations are frequently incorrect |
robert merton stressed that in order to understand what goes on in society, we must be able to distinguish between | manifest and latent functions |