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Chapter 4 Science!
Elements and the Periodic Table
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the three main parts of an atom? | proton, neutron, electron |
| Where are the protons located in an atom? | nucleus |
| Where are the neutrons located in an atom? | nucleus |
| Where are the electrons located in an atom? | electron cloud surrounding the nucleus |
| The nucleus contains most of the an atoms ____? | mass |
| Tell why an atom is neutral. | In an atom there is an equal amount of protons (+) and electrons (-). The charges balance each other out, making an atom neutral. |
| What is the atomic number of an atom? | the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom |
| The modern periodic table is arranged by ________________? | atomic number |
| What are the three main catergories of the elements? | metals, non-metals, and metalloids |
| Columns on the periodic table are called ________________ | groups or families |
| Rows on the periodic table are called ___________________? | periods |
| What charge does a proton have? | (+) |
| What charge does a neutron have? | (o) |
| What charge does an electron have? | (-) |
| How many electrons can each shell hold? | First-2 electrons Second-8 electrons Third-8 electrons for first four periods |
| What is the atomic number? | The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom |
| What is the atomic mass? | The number of protons and neutrons added together in an atom. |
| What do periods tell you? | number of energy levels |
| What do columns tell you? | number of valence electrons |
| What are some qualities of alkali metals? | soft, shiny, malleable, ductile, never found uncombined in nature, 1 valence electron |
| What are some qualitites of alkaline earth metals? | soft, shiny, malleable, ductile, never found uncombined in nature, 2 valence electrons |
| What are the two most common alkaline earth metals? | magnesium and calcium |
| What are some qualitites of the transition metals? | shiny, malleable, ductile, most commonly known, used to make jewelery and coins |
| What are some qualities of the boron family? | 3 valence electrons, most metals, boron is a metalloid. |
| What are some qualities of the carbon family? | 4 valence electrons, contains matals metalloids and nonmetal (carbon) |
| What are some qualitites of the nitrogen family? | 5 valenece electrons, contains metals, nonmetals, and metalloids |
| What are some qualities of the oxygen family? | 6 valence electrons, reactive, contains metals, nonmetals, and metalloids |
| What are some qualitites of the halogens? | very reactive, non-metals, 7 valence electrons, salt forming |
| What are some qualitites of the noble gases? | exist as gases, non-metals, 8 valence electrons (full) non reactive, Helium (He) has 2 valence electrons (full) |
| What are some qualitites of the rare earth metals? | some are radioactive, conduct electricity, silvery, white metals |
| What are some qualities of metals? | ductile, malleable, shiny, reactive, good conductors of heat and electricity. |
| What are some qualitites of non metals? | poor conductors, dull, brittle, not malleable, not ductile |
| What are some qualitites of metalloids? | can be shiny or dull, better conductors than non metals but not as well as metals, malleable, ductile |
| What are some qualities of oxygen? | most abudant element element in the earth's crust, extremeley reactive, combines with almost all elements |
| What are some qualitites of nitrogen? | makes up 78% of earths atmosphere, non metal |
| What are some qualitites of carbon? | basis of life, non metal, there is an entire branch of chemistry devoted to carbon compounds called organic chemistry |
| What are some qualitites of helium? | lightest gas besides hydrogen, non metal, non reactive |
| What are some qualitites of hydrogen? | gas at room temp., has a class of its own, one proton one electron and one energy level |
| What are some qualitites of aluminum? | most abudant metal in earths crust |
| What is a molecule composed of two atoms? | diatomic molecule |
| What type of oxygen do we breathe? | O2 (diatomic molecule) |
| Who founded the periodic table? | Mendeleev |
| How are the elements arranged on the periodic table? | by atomic number |
| What does ductile mean? | can be pulled out, or drawn, into a long wire |
| What does malleable mean? | can be hammered into flat sheets |
Created by:
lp1213
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