Question
click below
click below
Question
Normal Size Small Size show me how
abd rev
Question | Answer |
---|---|
The right renal artery passes _______ to the IVC. | posterior |
The enzyme that is the most sensitive over time in laboratory tests for the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis is: | lipase |
The splenic artery is considered to be the: | superior border of the pancreas |
The most common solid renal mass found in childhood is: | wilms tumor |
Pyonephrosis refers to the presence of: | pus n the dilated collecting system |
The major function of the spleen is | to filter the peripheral blood |
In a _______ hematoma of the spleen, the splenic capsule remains intact. | subcapsular |
Stones as small as ____ may be visualized with ultrasound: | 2mm |
Compared with the testis, the epididymis typically appears: | all of the above |
The length of a pediatric gallbladder should not exceed: | the length of the kidney |
Which of the following is an incorrect statement regarding ectopic ureteroceles? | more common in males |
Diminished vascular structures within the liver parenchyma most likely represent | cirrhosis |
Elevation of serum bilirubin results in: | jaundice |
Echinococcal cysts have the highest incidence in countries in which: | sheep grazing is common |
Patients who have hepatocellular carcinoma are likely to have had: | cirrhosis |
In severe hepatocellular destruction, the AST and ALT are | high |
Elevation of alkaline phosphatase is associated with: | biliary obstruction |
All of the following are true about the features most often observed in an intrahepatic mass except: | anterior displacement of the right kidney |
The amebic abscess may reach the liver through the: | portal vein |
Which vascular structure arising from the celiac trunk passes anterior to the portal vein to enter the liver at the porta hepatitis? | the hepatic artery |
The most common cause of abdominal aneurysms is: | arteriosclerosis |
The most common tumor to fill the IVC is: | renal cell carcinoma |
The falciform ligament extends from the umbilicus to the diaphragm in a parasagittal plane containing the: | ligamentum teres |
Typical symptoms a patient may have with an abscess formation include all of the following EXCEPT: | decreased white blood cell count |
Normal average measurement of the portal vein is: | 1.3cm |
What benign liver tumor is located near the free edge of the liver, is solitary, well circumscribed, and is a nonencapsulated multinodular mass? | focal nodular hyperplasia |
If a patient has chronic choledocholithiasis, all of the following structures are dilated EXCEPT the: | pancreatic duct |
The diameter of the common hepatic duct is: | 4mm |
In a 60-year-old adult, the normal common bile duct should not measure more than: | 6mm |
A phrygian cap of the gallbladder is: | a folding of the fundus |
Hartmann's pouch is formed: | when the gallbladder folds back on itself at the neck |
An extrahepatic mass compressing the common bile duct can produce an enlarged gallbladder. This sign is known as: | Courvoisier’s sign |
The most common sign for carcinoma of the gallbladder is: | irregular fungating mass that contains low-intensity echoes within the gallbladder |
A condition causing RUQ pain in which small polypoid masses arise from the gallbladder wall is: | adenomyometosis |
In the case of a porcelain gallbladder, all of the following facts are true EXCEPT: | dense wall without shadowing |
The most common level of obstruction is: | cystic duct |
The most frequent cause of metastatic disease to the biliary system is: | pancreatic carcinoma |
The head of the pancreas is inferior to the: | caudate lobe of the liver |
The _____ is the anterolateral border of the pancreas. | the gastroduodenal artery |
The tail of the pancreas is found: | anterior to the left kidney, near the splenic hilum |
The primary pancreatic duct is the: | duct of wirsung |
The duct of Santorini is a/an: | accessory duct to the pancreas |
The normal size of the pancreatic duct is less than: | 3mm |
Clinical signs and symptoms in acute pancreatitis include all of the following EXCEPT: | severe abdominal pain radiating to the right shoulder |
A common cause of acute pancreatitis is: | alcohol intake |
The pancreas is reflective in its sonographic appearance because of the multiple: | fat between the lobules |
The persistence of the dorsal and ventral pancreas with the head encircling the duodenum is called: | annular pancreas |
A condition that causes increased secretion of abnormal mucus by the exocrine glands is: | cystic fibrosis |
The spreading process of diffuse inflammatory edema of soft tissues that may proceed to necrosis and suppuration is: | phlegmon |
The most common cause of acute pancreatitis in children is: | trauma |
The structure often seen on a sagittal ultrasound to the left of the midline as a "bulls-eye" or target pattern anterior to the aorta and posterior to the left lobe of the liver is the: | gastroesophogeal junction |
Acute appendicitis may be seen on ultrasound examination as a: | target lesion |
The "keyboard" sign is seen in the: | duodenum |
Which division of the duodenum courses to the level of the gallbladder neck? | the first part |
The entrance of the esophagus into the stomach is through the: | cardiac orifice |
Progression of acute appendicitis to frank perforation is more rapid in: | preschool children |
The pseudokidney sign may be seen in: | gastric carcinoma |
Parapelvic cysts are located in the: | renal hilum |
A cause of nonobstructive hydronephrosis is: | over hydration |
A sign of transplant rejection is: | Resistive Index (RI) greater than 0.7 |
Fusion of the lower pole of the kidneys is called a: | horseshoe kidney |
Which of the following describes the sonographic appearance of chronic pyelonephritis? | inability to distinguish the cortex from the medullary regions |
A cortical bulge in the lateral border of the kidney is called a/an: | dromedary hump |
Renal failure is most commonly associated with all of the following EXCEPT | renal cyst |
A post-transplant perinephric fluid collection can present as all of the following EXCEPT | ureterocele |
A baseline renal transplant sonographic examination is performed within _____ hours after surgery. | 48-72 |
Dilatation of the renal pelvis with thinning of the renal cortex is characteristic of: | hydronephrosis |
The left kidney is in contact with the: | spleen pancreas colon and jejunum |
The right kidney is in contact with the: | liver colon adrenal gland |
Outside the renal capsule is the: | perinephric fat |
A triangular-shaped lesion on the peripheral border of the kidney most likely represents a(n): | junctional parenchymal defect |
Renal sonography is not helpful in evaluating: | renal function |
A potential space located between the liver edge and right kidney is: | morisons pouch |
Which of the following is a benign fatty tumor of the kidney? | angiomyolipoma |
Adult polycystic disease may be characterized by all EXCEPT which of the following? | the involved kidnesys are small and extremly echogenic |
A pelvic kidney has a(n): | normal appearance in an abnormal location |
The best sonographic window to image the left hemidiaphragm is the: | spleen |
Splenomegaly may result from all except which of the following? | a left subphrenic abscess |
Patients with right-side heart failure and elevated systemic venous pressure may develop: | marked dilation of the intrahepatic veins |
The normal sonographic texture of the spleen is: | homogeneous with internal echoes equal to or less echogenic than those of the liver. |
When accessory spleens are present, they usually are located: | near the hilum of the spleen |
The most common benign neoplasms in the spleen include all of the following EXCEPT: | infarctions |
What sonographic signs are present in a patient with histoplasmosis? | calcifications |
The major function of the spleen is: | to filter the periphral blood |
In a _____ hematoma of the spleen, the splenic capsule remains intact. | subcapsular |
The retroperitoneal space is the area between the: | posterior portion of the parietal peritoneum and the posterior abdominal wall muscles |
Which of the following is not retroperitoneal | spleen |
What adrenal tumor occasionally is found in patients with hypertension? | pheochromocytoma |
An urinoma may be defined as a: | walled-off collection of extravasated urine |
The "sandwich" sign represents: | enlarged lymph nodes anterior and posterior to the mesenteric vessels |
Which muscles lie posterior to the kidneys? | psoas and quadratus lumborum |
Which of the following structures is not located in the anterior pararenal space? | adrenal glands |
Adrenal insufficiency typically is caused by: | metastases |
Inflammatory or malignant ascites present with all of the following characteristics EXCEPT: | anechoic patterns with smooth borders |
The most common site/s for abdominal abscess formation is/are the: | hepatic recesses and perihepatic spaces |
A cystic mass between the umbilicus and the bladder is called a: | urachal cyst |
What hangs over the intestines like an apron? | the greater omentum |
The primary advantage of an ultrasound-guided procedure is: | the continuous real-time visualization of the biopsy needle |
Contraindications for a biopsy include all EXCEPT which of the following? | dehydration |
Postbiopsy complications may include all EXCEPT which of the following? | heart failure |
In the trauma setting, the most common finding of free fluid in the abdomen or pelvis is: | hemoperitoneum |
The sonographic finding in aortic dissection includes all EXCEPT which of the following? | turbulent blood flow pattern |
The most common sonographic finding of a hernia is: | peristalsis of bowel during valsalva |
Approximately 70% of aortic dissections occur in: | ascending aorta |
Fat, Cooper's ligaments, connective tissue, blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics are found in which layer or zone? | subcutanous layer |
The lobes of the thyroid gland are connected by: | the isthmus |
The most common feature of a thyroid adenoma is: | peripheral sonoluscent halo |
Which of the following structures lies posterolateral to the thyroid gland? | longus coli muscle |
Increased vascularity with Color Doppler termed the "thyroid inferno" is seen in: | graves disease |
The most common cause of thyroid malignancy is: | papillary carcinoma |
Sonographic characteristics of the testes includes: | a homogenous pattern with medium-level echos |
A linear stripe of variable thickness and echogenicity running through the testis in a craniocaudal direction represents the: | mediastinum testis |
The epididymis is located: | posterior and superor to the testies |
Which fact about an undescended testis is false? | All undescended testes are found in the inguinal canal. |
Common causes of a secondary hydrocele include all EXCEPT which of the following? | undescended testes |
Which of the following statements about varicocele is false? | they are more common on the right side |
The most common neoplasm associated with undescended testes is: | seminoma |
Characteristic sonographic findings of torsion include all EXCEPT which of the following? | hyperechoic parenchyma |
Attached at the superior pole of the testis, between the epididymis and the testis is the: | appendix testis |
A hydrocele develops between: | parietal and visceral layers of the tunica vaginalis |
Compared with the testis, the epididymis typically appears: | all of the above |
A thickened muscle in the pylorus that prevents food from entering the duodenum is: | hypertrophic pyloric stenosis |
When bowel prolapses into distal bowel and is propelled in an antegrade fashion is known as: | intusseseseption |
The most common type of choledochal cyst is: | fusiform dilation if the CBD |
This is considered the infantile form of hepatocellular carcinoma. | hepatoblastoma |